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I. Third Sunday of Easter (Series A)
Primary Text: Luke 24:13-35 (The Road to Emmaus)
.
1. Text and Context
The appointed Gospel for the Third Sunday of Easter (Series
A) is Luke 24:13-35, the account of the risen Christ appearing to two
disciples on the road to Emmaus. This occurs on the very day of the
resurrection, following the women's report of the empty tomb.
This pericope emphasizes the hidden yet real presence of
Christ, revealed through Word and Sacrament, a central theme in
Lutheran theology.
2. Law and Gospel Structure
A. The Law
Spiritual
Blindness and Misunderstanding
The disciples fail to recognize Jesus, demonstrating humanity's inability
to perceive divine truth apart from revelation 1.
Misplaced
Hope
We had hoped that He was the one to redeem Israel reveals a false
expectation of a political Messiah rather than a suffering Savior 2.
Slowness
to Believe
Jesus rebukes them: O foolish ones, and slow of heart to believe 3.
This exposes the sin of unbelief, even among disciples.
B. The Gospel
Christ Comes to the Discouraged
Jesus seeks out His disciples in their confusion and despair, demonstrating grace
prior to understanding4.
Christ Interprets the Scriptures
Beginning with Moses and the Prophets, Jesus shows that all Scripture
testifies to Him, especially His suffering and resurrection 5. This is
consistent with historic Christian exegesis emphasizing the unity of Scripture
in Christ 200.
Christ Revealed in the Breaking of the Bread
Their eyes are opened in the breaking of bread, pointing to the means of
grace, especially the Sacrament of the Altar 6. Early church witnesses
also connect post-resurrection meals with Eucharistic understanding 201.
Christ Opens the Eyes of Faith
Recognition comes not by human effort, but by divine action, emphasizing faith
as a gift7 a theme widely affirmed in Reformation theology ,202.
3. Doctrinal Themes (LCMS Emphasis)
A. The Means of Grace
Christ is made known through:
The
Word (Scripture rightly interpreted)
The
Sacrament (breaking of bread)
This reflects the LCMS teaching that God delivers
forgiveness through external means, not inner speculation 300 and is
supported by broader sacramental theology in the historic Church 203.
B. Christocentric Scripture
All Scripture points to Christ s:
Suffering
Death
Resurrection
This affirms the Lutheran principle that Christ is the
center of all Scripture301 consistent with patristic and evangelical
scholarship 204.
C. Justification by Faith
The disciples recognition of Christ illustrates that:
Faith
is given, not achieved
Understanding
follows God's revelation, not human reasoning
This aligns with the central Reformation doctrine of
justification by faith alone 202.
D. The Theology of the Cross
The disciples confusion stems from rejecting the necessity
of Christ's suffering. Jesus corrects them:
Was
it not necessary that the Christ should suffer ? 8
This reinforces that God's glory is revealed through
suffering, not worldly power 302 a theme also emphasized in modern
biblical theology 205.
4. Liturgical and Pastoral Application
A. Preaching Focus
Proclaim
the risen Christ present today
Emphasize
Word and Sacrament as the place of encounter
Address
modern forms of misplaced hope and doubt
B. Congregational Life
Encourage
regular hearing of Scripture
Reinforce
the importance of the Lord's Supper
Teach
believers to interpret life through Christ's death and resurrection
C. Christian Comfort
Believers today often mirror the Emmaus
disciples:
Confused
Discouraged
Slow
to believe
Yet Christ still:
Walks
with His people
Speaks
through His Word
Reveals
Himself in the Sacrament
5. Christological Fulfillment
This text reveals Jesus as:
The
risen Lord
The
fulfillment of Scripture
The
present Savior
His resurrection is not merely an event, but an ongoing
reality in the life of the Church.
6. Conclusion
The Third Sunday of Easter (Series A) proclaims that the
risen Christ is not absent,
buthidden and revealed through the means He has appointed.
Like the Emmaus disciples, the Church today encounters Christ in Word and
Sacrament, where He opens hearts, grants faith, and kindles hope.
Biblical References:
• 1. Luke 24:16 - The disciples' eyes were kept from recognizing Him, showing divine concealment.
• 2. Luke 24:21 - Expression of misplaced messianic expectations.
• 3. Luke 24:25 - Jesus rebukes unbelief and slowness of heart.
• 4. Luke 24:15 - Jesus draws near and walks with them in grace.
• 5. Luke 24:27 - Christ interprets all Scripture concerning Himself.
• 6. Luke 24:30-31 - Recognition occurs in the breaking of the bread.
• 7. Luke 24:31 - Their eyes were opened, indicating divine action in faith.
• 8. Luke 24:26 - The necessity of Christ's suffering and glory.
External References:
• 200. N. T. Wright, Luke for Everyone - Emphasizes the Christ-centered reading of Scripture in Luke 24.
• 201. Irenaeus, Against Heresies IV.18 - Connects Christ's actions with Eucharistic understanding in the early Church.
• 202. Alister E. McGrath, Reformation Thought - Explains justification by faith as central to Protestant theology.
• 203. Robert Kolb and Timothy Wengert, The Book of Concord (Introduction) - Discusses means of grace within Lutheran theology.
• 204. Graeme Goldsworthy, According to Plan - Highlights the unity of Scripture centered in Christ.
• 205. Leonhard Goppelt, Theology of the New Testament - Emphasizes suffering and glory in New Testament theology.
Confessional References:
• 300. AC V, - The Office of the Ministry teaches that God gives faith through Word and Sacraments.
• 301. FC SD V, 5 - Scripture is centered on Christ and His saving work.
• 302. Heidelberg Disputation - The theology of the cross reveals God through suffering (received in Lutheran tradition).
II. First Reading: Acts 2:14a, 36-41 (Third Sunday of Easter, Series A)
1. Text and Context
The First Reading, Acts
2:14a, 36-41, occurs on the Day of Pentecost, immediately following the
outpouring of the Holy Spirit. The Apostle Peter publicly proclaims Christ to
the gathered crowd in Jerusalem.
This text highlights:
Apostolic
preaching
Law
and Gospel proclamation
Repentance
and Baptism
The
growth of the Church through the Means of Grace
2. Law and Gospel Structure
A. The Law
The
Guilt of Sin Revealed
"God has made Him both Lord and Christ, this Jesus whom you
crucified" exposes direct responsibility for Christ's death 1.
This accusation extends to all humanity, for all are guilty of sin 2.
The
Conviction of the Heart
The hearers are "cut to the heart," demonstrating the Law's
proper function to convict and terrify the conscience3.
The
Question of Despair
"Brothers, what shall we do?" reflects awareness of sin but
inability to save oneself4.
B. The Gospel
The
Call to Repentance
"Repent" is both Law (turning from sin) and Gospel (turning
toward God's mercy) 5.
The
Promise of Baptism
"Be baptized... for the forgiveness of your sins" proclaims the
objective means by which God grants forgiveness6.
The
Gift of the Holy Spirit
The promise includes the Spirit, who creates and sustains faith 7.
The
Universal Promise
"The promise is for you and for your children and for all who are far
off" emphasizes the universality of the Gospel8.
Salvation
as Divine Action
"The Lord added to their number" shows that conversion and
church growth are God's work, not human achievement9.
3. Doctrinal Themes (LCMS Emphasis)
A. The Office of the Ministry
Peter stands as an apostolic preacher, proclaiming Christ
publicly. This reflects the institution of the Office of the Ministry,
through which God delivers His gifts 300 consistent with the Church's
apostolic foundation 200.
B. Law and Gospel Distinction
This text clearly demonstrates:
Law:
accusation, conviction, despair
Gospel:
forgiveness, promise, salvation
This distinction is central to Lutheran theology and
faithful preaching 301 and is widely recognized as
essential for proper biblical interpretation 201.
C. Baptismal Regeneration
"Be baptized... for the forgiveness of your sins"
teaches that Baptism:
Grants forgiveness
Gives
the Holy Spirit
Incorporates into the Church
This affirms that Baptism is a means of grace, not
merely symbolic 302 supported by historic Christian teaching on sacramental
efficacy 202.
D. Justification by Grace Through Faith
The hearers do not earn salvation; rather:
They
receive forgiveness as a gift
Faith
is created by the Word and Spirit
This aligns with the Reformation doctrine of justification
203.
E. The Nature of the Church
"The Lord added to their number" shows that:
The
Church is created and sustained by God
It
grows through Word and Sacrament, not human methods
This reflects the Lutheran understanding of the Church as
the assembly of believers gathered around the means of grace300.
4. Liturgical and Pastoral Application
A. Preaching Focus
Proclaim
Christ crucified and risen
Clearly
distinguish Law and Gospel
Emphasize
repentance and Baptism
B. Congregational Life
Encourage
remembrance and trust in Baptism
Teach
the importance of hearing the preached Word
Reinforce
that faith is God's work
C. Evangelism
The
Church proclaims the same message as Peter:
Conviction
of sin
Forgiveness
in Christ
Trust
that God brings the increase
5. Christological Fulfillment
Peter's sermon centers on Jesus as:
Lord
(divine authority)
Christ
(the promised Messiah)
His death and resurrection fulfill:
Old
Testament prophecy
God's
plan of salvation
Thus, this text proclaims the completed work of Christ
for sinners.
6. Conclusion
Acts 2:14a, 36-41 presents a clear model of apostolic
preaching: the Law convicts, the Gospel forgives, and God works through Word
and Sacrament to create faith and build His Church. The believer's response
is not self-generated, but the result of God's gracious action in Christ.
Biblical References:
• 1. Acts 2:36 - Direct accusation of crucifying Christ.
• 2. Romans 3:23 - All have sinned and fall short of the glory of God.
• 3. Acts 2:37 - The hearers are cut to the heart by the Law.
• 4. Acts 2:37 - The question reflects inability to save oneself.
• 200. F. F. Bruce, The Book of Acts - Highlights apostolic preaching and early Church formation.
• 201. C. F. W. Walther, The Proper Distinction Between Law and Gospel - Foundational Lutheran treatment of Law and Gospel.
• 202. Justo L. Gonzalez, The Story of Christianity, Vol. 1 - Describes early Church sacramental theology.
• 203. Alister E. McGrath, Reformation Thought - Explains justification by grace through faith.
Confessional References:
• 300. AC V, - The Office of the Ministry and means of grace.
• 301. FC SD V, 1 - The distinction between Law and Gospel.
• 302. LC Holy Baptism, 6 - Baptism works forgiveness of sins and gives the Holy Spirit.
III. Psalm: Psalm 116:1-14 (Third Sunday of Easter, Series A)
1. Text and Context
Psalm 116:1-14 is a psalm of thanksgiving in which
the psalmist praises the Lord for deliverance from death and distress. It is
part of the Egyptian Hallel (Psalms 113-118), traditionally associated
with Passover, and thus closely connected to themes of redemption and
salvation.
In the context of Easter, this psalm finds deeper
fulfillment in Christ's victory over death and the believer's
participation in that victory.
2. Law and Gospel Structure
A. The Law
The
Reality of Death and Distress
"The snares of death encompassed me; the pangs of Sheol
laid hold on me" reveals the inescapable reality of death and the
curse of sin1.
Human
Helplessness
The psalmist is overcome and unable to save himself, reflecting the
total inability of man to escape sin and death2.
Affliction
and Weakness
"I suffered distress and anguish" shows the broken condition
of life under sin3.
B. The Gospel
Calling
on the Name of the Lord
"Then I called on the name of the Lord: 'O Lord, I pray, deliver my
soul!'" reveals faith that clings to God's mercy4.
The
Lord's Gracious Character
"Gracious is the Lord, and righteous; our God is merciful"
proclaims God's saving nature5.
Deliverance
from Death
"You have delivered my soul from death... my feet from
stumbling" points to God's saving action, ultimately fulfilled
in Christ's resurrection 6.
Walking
Before the Lord
"I will walk before the Lord in the land of the living"
expresses the life of faith that follows deliverance7.
The
Cup of Salvation
"I will lift up the cup of salvation and call on the name of the
Lord" foreshadows the Sacrament of the Altar, where believers
receive Christ's saving gifts 8.
3. Doctrinal Themes (LCMS Emphasis)
A. Salvation by Grace Alone
The psalmist does not save himself; rather, the Lord
delivers him. This reflects the doctrine that salvation is entirely God's
work of grace300 affirmed throughout Scripture and Christian theology
200.
B. Faith as Trust in God's Promises
Calling on the Lord demonstrates that:
Faith receives
rather than achieves
Faith
clings to God's Word of promise
This aligns with the Lutheran understanding of faith as
trust in God's mercy 301 supported by broader theological reflection ,201.
C. Deliverance from Death
The psalm anticipates:
Immediate
deliverance in the psalmist's life
Ultimate
deliverance in Christ's resurrection
This connection is recognized in New Testament usage of the
psalm 202.
D. The Means of Grace - The Cup of Salvation
"I will lift up the cup of salvation" is
understood in the LCMS as:
A thanksgiving
response
A Eucharistic
foreshadowing, fulfilled in the Lord's Supper
This reflects the Lutheran teaching that Christ gives His
gifts through tangible means 302 consistent with early Christian sacramental
interpretation 203.
E. The Life of Sanctification
"I will pay my vows to the Lord" shows that:
Good
works follow faith
The
believer responds with thanksgiving and obedience
This aligns with the doctrine that sanctification flows from
justification 303.
4. Liturgical and Pastoral Application
A. Preaching Focus
Proclaim
deliverance from death through Christ
Emphasize
God's mercy and gracious character
Connect
the psalm to Easter fulfillment
B. Sacramental Life
Highlight
the phrase "cup of salvation" in connection with the
Lord's Supper
Encourage
frequent reception of the Sacrament as God's gift of life and
forgiveness
C. Christian Living
Teach
believers to:
Call
on the Lord in trouble
Give
thanks publicly
Live
in response to God's grace
5. Christological Fulfillment
Psalm 116 ultimately finds fulfillment in Jesus Christ:
He
enters the snares of death
He
cries out to the Father
He is
delivered through the resurrection
Believers share in this victory through faith, receiving life
in place of death.
6. Conclusion
Psalm 116:1-14 proclaims the movement from death to life,
from distress to deliverance, grounded entirely in the Lord's mercy. In
the LCMS understanding, this psalm points to Christ's saving work,
delivered to believers through Word and Sacrament, and received by
faith.
Biblical References:
• 1. Psalm 116:3 - The snares of death and the pangs of Sheol.
• 2. Psalm 116:3 - Human inability in the face of death.
• 3. Psalm 116:3 - Distress and anguish under sin.
• 4. Psalm 116:4 - Calling on the name of the Lord for deliverance.
• 5. Psalm 116:5 - The Lord's gracious and merciful nature.
• 6. Psalm 116:8 - Deliverance from death and stumbling.
• 7. Psalm 116:9 - Walking before the Lord in the land of the living.
• 303. FC SD IV, 31 - Often treated in modern theology texts on sanctification.
IV. Epistle: 1 Peter 1:17-25 (Third Sunday of Easter, Series A)
1. Text and Context
The Epistle, 1 Peter 1:17-25, addresses Christians
living as sojourners and exiles in a fallen world. The Apostle Peter
exhorts believers to live in reverent fear, grounded in the redemption
accomplished by Christ.
This passage emphasizes:
Redemption
by Christ's blood
Holy
living flowing from faith
The
enduring power of the Word of God
2. Law and Gospel Structure
A. The Law
God's
Impartial Judgment
"He judges impartially according to each one's deeds" reveals God's
righteous standard and judgment against sin1.
The
Call to Fear
"Conduct yourselves with fear throughout the time of your exile"
exposes the seriousness of sin and the believer's accountability before
God 2.
The
Futility of Former Ways
"Inherited from your forefathers" describes the
vain and sinful patterns of life apart from
Christ3.
The
Perishability of All Flesh
"All flesh is like grass" emphasizes the temporary and fallen
nature of human life under sin4.
B. The Gospel
Redemption
by the Blood of Christ
"You were ransomed... not with perishable things such as silver or
gold, but with the precious blood of Christ" proclaims objective
redemption accomplished by Jesus5.
Christ
Foreknown and Revealed
Christ was "foreknown before the foundation of the world" and
revealed for believers, showing God's eternal plan of salvation6.
Faith
and Hope in God
Through Christ, believers are brought to faith and hope in God,
grounded in the resurrection 7.
New
Birth Through the Word
"You have been born again... through the living and abiding word of
God" teaches that regeneration comes through the Word8.
The
Enduring Gospel
"The word of the Lord remains forever" proclaims the certainty
and permanence of God's saving promise9.
3. Doctrinal Themes (LCMS Emphasis)
A. Objective Justification and Redemption
The text clearly teaches that:
Redemption
is accomplished outside of us by Christ
It is
secured by His blood, not human works
This aligns with the doctrine of justification by grace
300 affirmed in biblical and theological scholarship ,200.
B. The Theology of the Cross
Christ's redemption comes not through power or wealth, but
through:
Suffering
Sacrifice
His
precious blood
This reflects the Lutheran emphasis that God works through the
cross rather than worldly glory301 a theme widely recognized in New
Testament theology 201.
C. Sanctification Flows from Justification
The call to holy living ("conduct yourselves with
fear") is grounded in:
Prior
redemption
New
identity in Christ
Thus, good works are the fruit of faith, not the
cause of salvation 302 consistent with historic Christian teaching ,202.
D. The Means of Grace - The Word
The passage teaches that believers are:
"Born
again... through the word of God"
This affirms that the Word is a means of grace that:
Creates
faith
Sustains
faith
This is central to LCMS theology 303
and supported by broader theological reflection on the power of
Scripture 203.
E. The Permanence of the Gospel
In contrast to perishable human life:
God's
Word endures forever
This provides certainty and assurance for believers,
grounded in God's unchanging promise.
4. Liturgical and Pastoral Application
A. Preaching Focus
Proclaim
redemption through Christ's blood
Emphasize
the certainty of salvation
Call
believers to holy living rooted in the Gospel
B. Christian Identity
Christians
are redeemed people, not self-made
They
live as sojourners, awaiting the fullness of salvation
C. Confidence in the Word
Encourage
trust in the enduring Word of God
Reinforce
the importance of:
Preaching
Scripture
reading
Catechesis
5. Christological Fulfillment
This passage centers entirely on Christ:
The
spotless Lamb
Foreknown
before creation
Raised
from the dead
Through Him:
Redemption
is accomplished
Faith
is given
Hope
is secured
6. Conclusion
1 Peter 1:17-25 proclaims that believers are redeemed not
by perishable things, but by the precious blood of Christ, and are born
again through the living Word of God. In LCMS theology, this passage
clearly teaches that salvation is God's work alone, delivered through
the means of grace, and producing a life of holy reverence and trust.
Biblical References:
• 1. 1 Peter 1:17 - God's impartial judgment according to deeds.
• 2. 1 Peter 1:17 - The call to live in reverent fear.
• 3. 1 Peter 1:18 - Futile ways inherited from forefathers.
V. Gospel: Luke 24:13-35 (Third Sunday of Easter, Series A)
1. Text and Context
The Gospel, Luke 24:13-35, recounts the appearance of
the risen Christ to two disciples on the road to Emmaus on Easter Day. Though
Jesus is physically present, He is not immediately recognized, highlighting the
theme of hiddenness and revelation.
This passage is foundational for understanding:
How
Christ is present with His Church
The
role of Scripture
The
Means of Grace
2. Law and Gospel Structure
A. The Law
Spiritual
Blindness
"Their eyes were kept from recognizing Him" reveals humanity's
inability to perceive Christ apart from divine revelation 1.
Misunderstanding
of Christ's Mission
"We had hoped that He was the one to redeem Israel" exposes false
expectations of a political Messiah rather than a suffering Savior
2.
Slowness
to Believe
"O foolish ones, and slow of heart to believe" shows the sin
of unbelief, even among disciples 3.
Confusion
and Despair
The disciples walk away from Jerusalem, reflecting discouragement and
loss of hope4.
B. The Gospel
Christ
Draws Near in Grace
"Jesus himself drew near and went with them" shows that Christ
seeks out sinners in their weakness5.
Christ
Opens the Scriptures
"Beginning with Moses and all the Prophets, He interpreted to them...
the things concerning Himself" teaches that all Scripture
testifies to Christ6.
The
Necessity of the Cross
"Was it not necessary that the Christ should suffer these things and
enter into His glory?" reveals God's plan of salvation through
suffering7.
Christ
Revealed in the Breaking of the Bread
"He took the bread and blessed and broke it... and their eyes were
opened" points to the Sacrament of the Altar as a means through
which Christ is known8.
Faith
Created by Christ's Action
"Their eyes were opened" emphasizes that faith is given by
God, not produced by human effort9.
The
Burning Heart
"Did not our hearts burn within us... while He opened to us the
Scriptures?" shows the power of the Word to create and strengthen
faith10.
3. Doctrinal Themes (LCMS Emphasis)
A. The Means of Grace
Christ is made known through:
The
Word (Scripture opened and preached)
The
Sacrament (the breaking of the bread)
This reflects the LCMS teaching that God delivers His grace
through external means300 affirmed in Lutheran theology and
scholarship 200.
B. Christocentric Scripture
Jesus teaches that:
All
Scripture points to Him
His
suffering and resurrection are central
This aligns with the Lutheran principle that Christ is
the center of Scripture301 widely recognized in biblical theology
201.
C. The Theology of the Cross
The disciples struggle because they do not understand that:
Glory
comes through suffering
Redemption
comes through the cross
This reflects the Lutheran emphasis that God reveals Himself
in the cross, not in worldly power302 a theme emphasized in New
Testament studies 202.
This affirms the LCMS understanding that Christ continues to
be present with His Church through the means He has instituted.
4. Liturgical and Pastoral Application
A. Preaching Focus
Proclaim
the risen Christ present today
Emphasize
the opening of Scripture
Connect
the Gospel to Word and Sacrament
B. Worship Life
Highlight
the structure of the Divine Service:
Liturgy
of the Word
Liturgy
of the Sacrament
This mirrors the Emmaus account.
C. Christian Comfort
Believers often experience:
Doubt
Confusion
Discouragement
Yet Christ:
Draws
near
Speaks
through His Word
Reveals
Himself in the Sacrament
5. Christological Fulfillment
This passage reveals Jesus as:
The
risen Lord
The
fulfillment of the Old Testament
The
one who opens the Scriptures
The
one who gives Himself to His people
Through Him:
The
Scriptures are understood
Faith
is created
Salvation
is delivered
6. Conclusion
Luke 24:13-35 teaches that the risen Christ is not absent,
but present and active among His people. He is revealed through the
Word and the Sacrament, where He opens hearts, grants faith, and brings His
people from despair to joy. In LCMS theology, this passage serves as a
clear model of how Christ continues to come to His Church today.
Biblical References:
• 1. Luke 24:16 - Their eyes were kept from recognizing Him.
• 2. Luke 24:21 - Misplaced hope in a political redeemer.
• 3. Luke 24:25 - Rebuke for slowness of heart to believe.
• 4. Luke 24:13-17 - The disciples' sorrow and confusion.
• 5. Luke 24:15 - Jesus draws near and walks with them.
• 6. Luke 24:27 - Christ interprets the Scriptures concerning Himself.
• 7. Luke 24:26 - The necessity of Christ's suffering and glory.
• 8. Luke 24:30-31 - Christ revealed in the breaking of the bread.
• 9. Luke 24:31 - Their eyes were opened by divine action.
• 10. Luke 24:32 - Hearts burning as the Scriptures are opened.
External References:
• 200. Arthur A. Just Jr., Luke 9:51-24:53 (Concordia Commentary) - Emphasizes Word and Sacrament in Luke 24.
• 201. Graeme Goldsworthy, According to Plan - Highlights Christ as the center of Scripture.
• 202. Leonhard Goppelt, Theology of the New Testament - Discusses suffering and glory in apostolic teaching.
• 203. Alister E. McGrath, Reformation Thought - Explains justification by faith and the role of the Word.