3rd Sunday After Pentecost (A) Framework

I. Third Sunday after Pentecost (Series A)

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1. Overview

The Third Sunday after Pentecost (Series A) emphasizes God's gracious call to sinners and His desire to show mercy rather than condemnation. The appointed readings highlight the Lord's compassion toward those who recognize their need for forgiveness and healing. Christ calls sinners to repentance and faith, gathering them into His kingdom through His Word.

The traditional theme may be summarized as:

"Christ Calls Sinners and Gives Mercy to the Unworthy."

2. Appointed Readings (Three-Year Lectionary, Series A)

Old Testament Reading

Hosea 5:15-6:6

God calls His people to repentance and declares:

"I desire steadfast love and not sacrifice, the knowledge of God rather than burnt offerings."

Psalm

Psalm 50:7-15

The Lord calls His people to trust Him and call upon Him in the day of trouble.

Epistle

Romans 4:13-25

Abraham is justified by faith apart from works and becomes the father of all who believe.

Holy Gospel

Matthew 9:9-13, 18-26

Jesus calls Matthew the tax collector, eats with sinners, raises a ruler's daughter, and heals a woman suffering from illness.

3. Literary and Biblical Context

The readings focus upon God's gracious dealings with sinners.

Hosea confronts Israel's superficial repentance while proclaiming God's desire for covenant faithfulness.

Paul teaches that righteousness comes through faith, not through works of the Law.

Matthew's Gospel reveals Jesus actively seeking sinners, calling them into fellowship, forgiving them, and restoring life where death reigns.

Together these readings demonstrate that salvation comes entirely from God's mercy received through faith.

4. Law and Gospel

A. Law

• Humanity continually turns away from God and seeks its own ways ¹.
• Religious activity cannot replace genuine faith and repentance ².
• All people are sinners deserving God's judgment ³.
• Death, disease, and suffering reveal the consequences of life in a fallen world ⁴.
• Human works cannot earn righteousness before God ⁵.
• The Law exposes our need for divine mercy and forgiveness ³⁰⁰.

B. Gospel

• God desires mercy and restoration for sinners ⁶.
• Christ came specifically to call sinners to repentance ⁷.
• God justifies the ungodly through faith in Christ ⁸.
• Jesus possesses authority over sickness, sin, and death ⁹.
• Through faith, believers receive forgiveness and eternal life ¹⁰.
• Christ restores what sin and death have destroyed ¹¹.

5. Christological Focus

The Gospel reading provides the central focus of the day.

Jesus calls Matthew:

"Follow me" ¹².

Matthew was a tax collector, a profession widely despised by his contemporaries.

Yet Christ does not wait for Matthew to reform himself before calling him.

The call itself creates discipleship and faith through Christ's gracious initiative ¹³.

When questioned about eating with sinners, Jesus responds:

"Those who are well have no need of a physician, but those who are sick" ¹⁴.

Christ identifies Himself as the divine Physician.

The spiritually sick need His healing.

The self-righteous who imagine themselves healthy fail to recognize their need for salvation ¹⁵.

Jesus then quotes Hosea:

"I desire mercy, and not sacrifice" ¹⁶.

God does not reject sacrifices He Himself instituted.

Rather, He condemns outward religiosity divorced from faith and love ¹⁷.

The purpose of God's covenant is not mere ritual observance but reconciliation through His mercy.

Jesus concludes:

"For I came not to call the righteous, but sinners" ¹⁸.

This statement summarizes His earthly mission.

The Son of God came to seek and save the lost ¹⁹.

The latter portion of the Gospel reveals Christ's authority over death and disease.

A woman suffering for twelve years touches Jesus' garment in faith and is healed ²⁰.

A dead girl is raised to life by Christ's word and presence ²¹.

These miracles reveal Jesus as the promised Messiah who reverses the effects of sin and death.

Paul's words in Romans explain how sinners receive these blessings:

"That is why his faith was 'counted to him as righteousness'" ²².

Like Abraham, believers are declared righteous through faith in God's promises.

The object of saving faith is Jesus Christ:

"who was delivered up for our trespasses and raised for our justification" ²³.

The death and resurrection of Christ stand at the center of all the readings.

Jesus calls sinners.

Jesus forgives sinners.

Jesus heals sinners.

Jesus raises the dead.

Jesus justifies the ungodly.

Everything depends upon His saving work and not upon human merit ³⁰¹.

Thus the Third Sunday after Pentecost directs believers to Jesus Christ, the merciful Savior who calls sinners, forgives the guilty, heals the broken, and grants righteousness through faith alone.

6. Key Doctrinal Themes

A. Justification by Faith

Abraham serves as the model of righteousness received through faith apart from works ²².

B. Repentance

God calls sinners to return to Him in faith and humility ²⁴.

C. Mercy

The Lord desires mercy flowing from faith rather than empty outward religion ¹⁶.

D. Christ's Saving Mission

Jesus came to call sinners and grant forgiveness ¹⁸.

E. Resurrection

Christ demonstrates His authority over death and points toward the final resurrection ²¹.

7. Application

A. For the Church

• Proclaim Christ's forgiveness freely to sinners.
• Avoid self-righteous attitudes toward those outside the Church.
• Emphasize faith in Christ rather than reliance upon human works.
• Extend Christ's mercy to those who are hurting and burdened.
• Call all people to repentance and faith.

B. For Individual Christians

• Confess your sins honestly before God.
• Trust Christ rather than your own righteousness.
• Show mercy to others as God has shown mercy to you.
• Take comfort that Jesus came specifically for sinners.
• Look to Christ for healing, forgiveness, and eternal life.
• Live in hope of the resurrection.

8. Locations and People Referenced

A. People

• Jesus Christ - Merciful Savior, healer, and giver of life.
• Matthew (Levi) - Tax collector called to discipleship.
• Abraham - Example of justification by faith.
• Hosea - Prophet calling Israel to repentance.
• The hemorrhaging woman - Recipient of Christ's healing.
• The ruler's daughter - Raised from death by Jesus.
• Tax collectors and sinners - Recipients of Christ's mercy.
• Pharisees - Critics of Jesus' association with sinners.

B. Locations

• Capernaum - Setting for much of Matthew 9.
• Israel - Context of Hosea's prophetic ministry.
• The covenant community - God's people called to repentance.
• The kingdom of heaven - Realm established by Christ.

9. Theological Topics

A. Justification

Righteousness credited through faith alone.

B. Repentance

Returning to God in faith.

C. Mercy

God's compassionate dealing with sinners.

D. Christology

Jesus as Physician, Savior, and Lord over death.

E. Resurrection

Christ's victory over death and promise of eternal life.

10. Connections to the Lutheran Confessions

• Sinners are justified by faith apart from works ³⁰⁰.
• Christ came to save sinners through His atoning work ³⁰¹.
• Good works follow faith but do not earn salvation ³⁰².
• The Gospel offers forgiveness to all who repent and believe ³⁰³.

11. Suggested Hymns

Entrance Hymns

• LSB 570 - "Just As I Am, without One Plea"
• LSB 611 - "Chief of Sinners Though I Be"
• LSB 571 - "God Loved the World So That He Gave"

Hymn of the Day

• LSB 607 - "From Depths of Woe I Cry to Thee"
• LSB 609 - "Jesus Sinners Doth Receive"

Distribution Hymns

• LSB 618 - "I Come, O Savior, to Thy Table"
• LSB 629 - "What Is This Bread"

Closing Hymns

• LSB 744 - "Amazing Grace"
• LSB 708 - "Lord, Thee I Love with All My Heart"

• Biblical References:
  • • 1. Isaiah 53:6 - All have gone astray.
  • • 2. Hosea 6:6 - God desires steadfast love rather than empty sacrifice.
  • • 3. Romans 3:23 - All have sinned.
  • • 4. Romans 5:12 - Sin bringing death into the world.
  • • 5. Galatians 2:16 - Not justified by works of the Law.
  • • 6. Psalm 103:8-13 - God's mercy toward sinners.
  • • 7. Matthew 9:13 - Christ calling sinners.
  • • 8. Romans 4:5 - God justifying the ungodly.
  • • 9. Matthew 9:22-25 - Christ's power over disease and death.
  • • 10. John 3:16 - Eternal life through faith.
  • • 11. Revelation 21:4 - Final restoration.
  • • 12. Matthew 9:9 - Call of Matthew.
  • • 13. John 15:16 - Christ's gracious initiative.
  • • 14. Matthew 9:12 - Christ the physician.
  • • 15. Luke 18:9-14 - Danger of self-righteousness.
  • • 16. Matthew 9:13; Hosea 6:6 - Mercy and not sacrifice.
  • • 17. Psalm 51:16-17 - True repentance before God.
  • • 18. Matthew 9:13 - Christ calling sinners.
  • • 19. Luke 19:10 - Seeking and saving the lost.
  • • 20. Matthew 9:20-22 - Healing through faith.
  • • 21. Matthew 9:23-26 - Raising the ruler's daughter.
  • • 22. Romans 4:22 - Faith counted as righteousness.
  • • 23. Romans 4:25 - Christ delivered for our trespasses and raised for our justification.
  • • 24. Hosea 6:1 - Call to return to the Lord.

• External References:
  • • 200. Lutheran Service Book: Altar Book - St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House. Three-Year Lectionary, Series A, Third Sunday after Pentecost.
  • • 201. The Lutheran Study Bible - St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 2009. Notes on Hosea 5:15-6:6, Romans 4:13-25, and Matthew 9:9-26.
  • • 202. Treasury of Daily Prayer - St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House. Reflections on repentance, mercy, and justification.

• Confessional References:
  • • 300. AC IV, 1-3 - Justification by faith alone.
  • • 301. Ap IV, 48-57 - Christ's merit received through faith.
  • • 302. AC VI, 1-4 - Good works as fruits of faith.
  • • 303. SA III-III, - The Gospel offering forgiveness of sins through Christ.

II. Old Testament Reading: Exodus 19:2-8

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1. Literary Context

Exodus 19 marks a major turning point in Israel's history. After delivering His people from slavery in Egypt and bringing them through the Red Sea, the Lord leads Israel to Mount Sinai. Here God establishes His covenant relationship with the nation and prepares to give the Law through Moses.

Exodus 19:2-8 serves as the introduction to the Sinai Covenant. God reminds Israel of His gracious deliverance before calling them to faithful obedience. The covenant is rooted not in Israel's merit but in God's prior act of redemption.

This passage precedes the giving of the Ten Commandments in Exodus 20 and establishes the framework for Israel's life as God's covenant people.

2. Law and Gospel

A. Law

• God's people are called to hear and obey His voice ¹.
• Disobedience to God's covenant brings judgment and separation from His blessings ².
• Humanity's sinful nature prevents perfect obedience to God's commands ³.
• God's holiness exposes human sinfulness and unworthiness ⁴.
• No one can earn God's favor through obedience to the Law ⁵.
• The Law reveals both God's righteous will and humanity's need for redemption ³⁰⁰.

B. Gospel

• God first redeems His people before calling them to obedience ⁶.
• Israel's relationship with God begins with divine grace rather than human merit ⁷.
• God chooses a people for Himself out of His mercy and love ⁸.
• The Lord carries His people and brings them near to Himself ⁹.
• Christ fulfills the covenant perfectly on behalf of sinners ¹⁰.
• Through Christ, believers become God's treasured possession and royal priesthood ¹¹.

3. Christological Focus

The Lord begins by reminding Israel of His saving action:

"You yourselves have seen what I did to the Egyptians" ¹².

Before speaking of commandments or obligations, God points to redemption.

Israel did not free itself from Egypt.

The Lord acted on behalf of His helpless people and delivered them through His mighty power ¹³.

God continues:

"and how I bore you on eagles' wings and brought you to myself" ¹⁴.

This beautiful image emphasizes God's tender care and protection.

Israel's existence as God's people is entirely the result of His gracious action ¹⁵.

Only after reminding them of His saving work does God speak of covenant faithfulness:

"Now therefore, if you will indeed obey my voice and keep my covenant" ¹⁶.

The covenant does not begin with human obedience.

It begins with divine redemption.

Obedience is the response of a redeemed people rather than the cause of redemption ¹⁷.

God then describes Israel's unique calling:

"you shall be my treasured possession among all peoples" ¹⁸.

The Lord chose Israel not because of its greatness or righteousness but because of His gracious election ¹⁹.

Israel is further described as:

"a kingdom of priests and a holy nation" ²⁰.

Priests stand before God and represent Him to others.

Israel was called to live as God's holy people among the nations, bearing witness to His saving acts and covenant promises ²¹.

This calling ultimately points forward to Christ.

Jesus is the true Israel who perfectly obeys the Father's will where Israel repeatedly failed ²².

He fulfills every requirement of God's covenant and accomplishes the righteousness that sinners cannot achieve ²³.

Through His death and resurrection, Christ establishes the New Covenant promised throughout the Scriptures ²⁴.

Peter directly applies Exodus 19:5-6 to the New Testament Church:

"a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation" ²⁵.

Believers receive these blessings not through ethnic descent or obedience to the Mosaic Covenant but through faith in Christ ²⁶.

Jesus is the true Mediator who brings sinners into God's presence.

He carries His people, not merely from earthly slavery, but from sin, death, and the devil ²⁷.

The Church therefore becomes God's treasured possession because of Christ's saving work.

The privileges given to Israel find their ultimate fulfillment in Him ²⁸.

For Lutheran theology, this passage illustrates the proper distinction between Law and Gospel. God's saving action comes first; obedience follows as the response of faith. Redemption precedes commandment, and grace precedes obligation ³⁰¹.

The passage also foreshadows the New Testament identity of believers as God's priestly people, called to proclaim His saving deeds to the world ³⁰².

Thus Exodus 19:2-8 directs believers to Jesus Christ, the true Israel and Mediator of the New Covenant, who redeems His people by grace and makes them a holy priesthood before God.

4. Key Doctrinal Themes

A. Divine Grace

God redeems His people before calling them to obedience ¹².

B. Covenant

God establishes a covenant relationship with His redeemed people ¹⁶.

C. Election

Israel is chosen by God's mercy rather than human merit ¹⁸.

D. Sanctification

Redeemed people are called to live as God's holy nation ²⁰.

E. Priesthood of Believers

God's people are called to represent Him before the world ²⁵.

5. Application

A. For the Church

• Proclaim God's saving acts before calling people to obedience.
• Teach that salvation is by grace rather than human effort.
• Live as God's holy people in the world.
• Bear witness to Christ among the nations.
• Embrace the Church's identity as a royal priesthood.

B. For Individual Christians

• Remember that God saved you before you could earn His favor.
• Respond to God's grace with thankful obedience.
• Trust Christ's perfect obedience rather than your own.
• Live as one who belongs to God's treasured possession.
• Share God's saving works with others.
• Rejoice in your identity as a member of Christ's holy people.

6. Locations and People Referenced

A. People

• God (Yahweh) - Redeemer and covenant Lord of Israel.
• Moses - Mediator of the Sinai Covenant.
• The Israelites - God's redeemed people.
• Jesus Christ - Fulfillment of Israel and Mediator of the New Covenant.
• The Church - God's royal priesthood through Christ.

B. Locations

• Mount Sinai - Place where God establishes His covenant with Israel.
• Egypt - Land from which God delivered His people.
• The Wilderness of Sinai - Setting of Israel's encampment.
• The Promised Land - Future inheritance anticipated by the covenant.
• The Kingdom of God - Fulfillment of God's covenant purposes in Christ.

7. Theological Topics

A. Covenant Theology

God's relationship with His redeemed people.

B. Redemption

Deliverance preceding obedience.

C. Election

God's gracious choice of His people.

D. Sanctification

Holy living flowing from redemption.

E. Priesthood of Believers

The calling of God's people to proclaim His works.

8. Connections to the Lutheran Confessions

• Salvation comes by God's grace rather than human works ³⁰⁰.
• Good works follow faith as fruits of redemption ³⁰¹.
• Christ is the sole Mediator between God and humanity ³⁰².
• The Church is God's holy people gathered by the Gospel ³⁰³.

9. Suggested Hymns (LSB)

• "The God of Abraham Praise" (798)
• "God Loved the World So That He Gave" (571)
• "Salvation unto Us Has Come" (555)
• "Praise to the Lord, the Almighty" (790)
• "Built on the Rock" (645)
• "We Are Called to Stand Together" (828)

• Biblical References:
  • • 1. Deuteronomy 28:1-2 - Blessings associated with hearing God's voice.
  • • 2. Deuteronomy 28:15 - Consequences of covenant disobedience.
  • • 3. Romans 3:20 - The Law revealing sin.
  • • 4. Isaiah 6:5 - Human unworthiness before God's holiness.
  • • 5. Galatians 2:16 - Not justified by works of the Law.
  • • 6. Exodus 20:2 - Redemption preceding the commandments.
  • • 7. Deuteronomy 7:7-8 - God's gracious choice of Israel.
  • • 8. Ezekiel 16:4-8 - God's gracious election and covenant love.
  • • 9. Deuteronomy 32:11-12 - Eagle imagery of God's care.
  • • 10. Matthew 5:17 - Christ fulfilling the Law.
  • • 11. 1 Peter 2:9 - The Church as a royal priesthood.
  • • 12. Exodus 19:4 - God's deliverance from Egypt.
  • • 13. Exodus 14:30-31 - Salvation at the Red Sea.
  • • 14. Exodus 19:4 - Eagles' wings imagery.
  • • 15. Deuteronomy 1:31 - God's fatherly care in the wilderness.
  • • 16. Exodus 19:5 - Covenant obedience.
  • • 17. Titus 3:5-8 - Salvation preceding good works.
  • • 18. Exodus 19:5 - Treasured possession.
  • • 19. Deuteronomy 7:6-9 - Israel chosen by grace.
  • • 20. Exodus 19:6 - Kingdom of priests and holy nation.
  • • 21. Isaiah 49:6 - Witness to the nations.
  • • 22. Matthew 2:15 - Christ as the true Israel.
  • • 23. Romans 5:19 - Christ's obedience for sinners.
  • • 24. Luke 22:20 - The New Covenant in Christ's blood.
  • • 25. 1 Peter 2:9 - Application to the Church.
  • • 26. Galatians 3:26-29 - Children of Abraham through faith.
  • • 27. Colossians 1:13-14 - Deliverance from the kingdom of darkness.
  • • 28. Ephesians 1:4-7 - Chosen and redeemed in Christ.

• External References:
  • • 200. The Lutheran Study Bible - St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 2009. Notes on Exodus 19:2-8 and the Sinai Covenant.
  • • 201. Concordia Commentary: Exodus by Douglas K. Stuart - Concordia Publishing House. Discussion of covenant, election, and Israel's priestly vocation.
  • • 202. Luther's Works, Vol. 35 - Saint Louis: Concordia Publishing House. Reflections on Law, Gospel, and God's covenant dealings with His people.

• Confessional References:
  • • 300. AC IV, 1-3 - Justification by grace through faith apart from works.
  • • 301. AC VI, 1-4 - Good works as fruits of faith.
  • • 302. AC XXI, 1-3 - Christ as the only Mediator and Savior.
  • • 303. AC VII, 1-3 - The Church as the assembly of believers gathered by the Gospel.

III. Psalm: Psalm 100

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1. Literary Context

Psalm 100 is a joyful psalm of praise and thanksgiving. Traditionally identified as:

"A Psalm for giving thanks"

it serves as a liturgical call to worship, inviting all the earth to praise the Lord. The psalm celebrates God's kingship, creative power, covenant faithfulness, and enduring mercy.

As one of the most beloved psalms in the Psalter, Psalm 100 calls God's people to enter His presence with thanksgiving and joyful confidence. It forms a fitting conclusion to the collection of royal psalms (Psalms 93-100), which emphasize the Lord's reign over all creation.

The psalm's focus is not on human achievement but on God's gracious character and His relationship with His people.

2. Law and Gospel

A. Law

• Humanity often fails to worship God with joy and gratitude ¹.
• Sin causes people to forget their Creator and reject His lordship ².
• People frequently trust themselves rather than the God who made them ³.
• Grumbling, ingratitude, and self-reliance are violations of the First Commandment ⁴.
• Apart from God's grace, sinners cannot truly enter His presence ⁵.
• The Law exposes humanity's failure to love, trust, and worship God rightly ³⁰⁰.

B. Gospel

• The Lord graciously claims His people as His own ⁶.
• God welcomes His people into His presence through His mercy ⁷.
• The Lord is good and His steadfast love endures forever ⁸.
• God's faithfulness extends to every generation ⁹.
• Through Christ, believers have access to God's presence with confidence ¹⁰.
• The Good Shepherd gathers and preserves His flock forever ¹¹.

3. Christological Focus

Psalm 100 begins with a universal invitation:

"Make a joyful noise to the LORD, all the earth!" ¹²

The call extends beyond Israel to all nations.

God's saving purposes ultimately embrace people from every tribe, language, and nation ¹³.

The psalm continues:

"Serve the LORD with gladness! Come into his presence with singing!" ¹⁴

True worship is not merely external activity but joyful response to God's gracious character and saving work ¹⁵.

The reason for worship appears in verse 3:

"Know that the LORD, he is God!" ¹⁶

The Lord alone is the true God.

All idols and false gods are powerless before Him ¹⁷.

The psalm then declares:

"It is he who made us, and we are his" ¹⁸

God is both Creator and Owner of His people.

Human life is not self-created or self-sustaining but entirely dependent upon God's gracious care ¹⁹.

The covenant relationship is expressed beautifully:

"we are his people, and the sheep of his pasture" ²⁰

This shepherd imagery finds its ultimate fulfillment in Jesus Christ.

Christ identifies Himself as:

"the good shepherd" ²¹

who lays down His life for the sheep ²².

The Lord who shepherded Israel in the Old Testament reveals Himself fully in Jesus, the Shepherd who seeks the lost, gathers His flock, and gives eternal life to His sheep ²³.

Verse 4 calls believers:

"Enter his gates with thanksgiving, and his courts with praise!" ²⁴

Under the Old Covenant, worshipers entered the temple courts to offer praise and thanksgiving.

Under the New Covenant, Christ Himself becomes the true Temple and the way into God's presence ²⁵.

Through His atoning death and resurrection, believers now have access to the Father ²⁶.

The psalm concludes:

"For the LORD is good; his steadfast love endures forever, and his faithfulness to all generations" ²⁷

These words summarize God's covenant character.

His goodness is not temporary.

His mercy is not uncertain.

His faithfulness does not fail ²⁸.

These truths find their fullest expression in Jesus Christ.

In Christ, God's steadfast love is revealed through the cross.

In Christ, God's faithfulness is demonstrated through the fulfillment of His promises.

In Christ, God's goodness is given to sinners through forgiveness and eternal life ²⁹.

For Lutheran theology, Psalm 100 emphasizes that worship arises from God's grace rather than human merit. God's people praise Him because He has first created, redeemed, and preserved them ³⁰¹.

The psalm also points to the Church gathered around Christ, the Good Shepherd, who continues to care for His flock through His Word and Sacraments ³⁰².

Thus Psalm 100 directs believers to Jesus Christ, the Good Shepherd and faithful Lord, through whom God's people enter His presence with thanksgiving, praise, and confidence.

4. Key Doctrinal Themes

A. Worship

God's people respond to His grace with joyful praise ¹⁴.

B. Creation

The Lord made His people and sustains them ¹⁸.

C. Divine Goodness

God's goodness is the foundation of Christian confidence ²⁷.

D. Covenant Faithfulness

The Lord's steadfast love endures forever ²⁷.

E. Christ the Good Shepherd

Jesus gathers, protects, and preserves His flock ²¹.

5. Application

A. For the Church

• Gather regularly for joyful worship.
• Center worship upon God's saving acts in Christ.
• Encourage thanksgiving as a response to God's grace.
• Proclaim God's faithfulness to every generation.
• Trust Christ's shepherding care for His Church.

B. For Individual Christians

• Give thanks daily for God's blessings.
• Remember that you belong to the Lord.
• Approach worship with joy and reverence.
• Trust God's enduring mercy during difficult times.
• Follow Christ, your Good Shepherd.
• Rejoice that God's faithfulness never fails.

6. Locations and People Referenced

A. People

• The LORD (Yahweh) - Creator, Shepherd, and covenant God.
• Jesus Christ - The Good Shepherd and fulfillment of God's promises.
• Worshipers - Those called to praise and thank the Lord.
• The nations - All peoples invited to worship God.
• The Church - God's flock gathered through Christ.

B. Locations

• The Temple Courts - Old Testament setting of worship imagery.
• The Gates of the Lord - Symbolic entrance into God's presence.
• The Pasture of God - Image of divine care and provision.
• The Church - Gathering place of God's redeemed people.
• The Heavenly Kingdom - Eternal worship of God.

7. Theological Topics

A. Worship

Joyful praise arising from God's grace.

B. Creation

God as Maker and Sustainer.

C. Providence

God's ongoing care for His people.

D. Christology

Jesus as the Good Shepherd.

E. Ecclesiology

The Church as God's flock.

8. Connections to the Lutheran Confessions

• God graciously gathers and preserves His Church ³⁰⁰.
• Christ is the Good Shepherd who cares for His people ³⁰¹.
• Worship flows from faith created by the Gospel ³⁰².
• Believers have access to God through Christ alone ³⁰³.

9. Suggested Hymns (LSB)

Entrance Hymns

• LSB 816 - "From All That Dwell Below the Skies"
• LSB 791 - "All People That on Earth Do Dwell"
• LSB 818 - "In Thee Is Gladness"

Hymn of the Day

• LSB 790 - "Praise to the Lord, the Almighty"
• LSB 803 - "Joyful, Joyful We Adore Thee"

Distribution Hymns

• LSB 618 - "I Come, O Savior, to Thy Table"
• LSB 625 - "Lord Jesus Christ, Life-Giving Bread"

Closing Hymns

• LSB 895 - "Now Thank We All Our God"
• LSB 805 - "Praise God, from Whom All Blessings Flow"

• Biblical References:
  • • 1. Romans 1:21 - Failure to give thanks to God.
  • • 2. Psalm 14:1 - Rejection of God.
  • • 3. Proverbs 3:5 - Warning against trusting oneself.
  • • 4. Exodus 20:3 - The First Commandment.
  • • 5. Isaiah 59:2 - Sin separating humanity from God.
  • • 6. Ezekiel 34:11-16 - God claiming and caring for His flock.
  • • 7. Hebrews 10:19-22 - Access to God's presence through Christ.
  • • 8. Psalm 136:1 - The Lord's steadfast love endures forever.
  • • 9. Lamentations 3:22-23 - God's faithfulness every generation.
  • • 10. Ephesians 2:18 - Access to the Father through Christ.
  • • 11. John 10:27-28 - The Shepherd preserving His sheep.
  • • 12. Psalm 100:1 - Joyful praise to the Lord.
  • • 13. Revelation 7:9-10 - All nations worshiping God.
  • • 14. Psalm 100:2 - Serving the Lord with gladness.
  • • 15. Philippians 4:4 - Rejoicing in the Lord.
  • • 16. Psalm 100:3 - The Lord alone is God.
  • • 17. Isaiah 44:6 - The Lord as the only God.
  • • 18. Psalm 100:3 - God as Creator.
  • • 19. Acts 17:28 - Life dependent upon God.
  • • 20. Psalm 100:3 - Sheep of His pasture.
  • • 21. John 10:11 - Christ the Good Shepherd.
  • • 22. John 10:14-15 - The Shepherd laying down His life.
  • • 23. Luke 15:4-7 - The Shepherd seeking the lost.
  • • 24. Psalm 100:4 - Entering God's gates with thanksgiving.
  • • 25. John 2:19-21 - Christ as the true Temple.
  • • 26. Hebrews 4:14-16 - Access to God through Christ.
  • • 27. Psalm 100:5 - God's goodness and faithfulness.
  • • 28. Malachi 3:6 - The Lord's unchanging character.
  • • 29. Romans 5:8 - God's love revealed in Christ.

• External References:
  • • 200. The Lutheran Study Bible - St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 2009. Notes on Psalm 100 and worship centered on God's grace.
  • • 201. Concordia Commentary: Psalms 1-150 (selected discussions) - Concordia Publishing House. Commentary on praise, thanksgiving, and covenant faithfulness.
  • • 202. Luther's Works, Vol. 14 - Saint Louis: Concordia Publishing House. Reflections on the Psalms and Christian worship.

• Confessional References:
  • • 300. AC VII, 1-3 - The Church gathered and preserved by God.
  • • 301. SA III-XII, - Christ as the Shepherd and Head of the Church.
  • • 302. Ap IV, 49-53 - Faith producing worship and thanksgiving.
  • • 303. AC XXI, 1-3 - Access to God through Christ alone.

IV. Epistle: Romans 5:6-15

Generated using ChatGPT chatbot

1. Literary Context

Romans 5 marks a transition in Paul's epistle from the doctrine of justification by faith (Romans 1-4) to the blessings that flow from justification and the certainty of salvation in Christ.

In Romans 5:1-11, Paul explains the peace, hope, and reconciliation believers possess through Christ. In Romans 5:12-21, he contrasts Adam and Christ as representatives of humanity. Romans 5:6-15 stands at the intersection of these themes. Paul proclaims God's astonishing love demonstrated in Christ's sacrificial death and begins to contrast the destructive effects of Adam's sin with the saving work of Christ.

The passage emphasizes that salvation is entirely God's gracious work for helpless sinners.

2. Law and Gospel

A. Law

• Humanity is powerless to save itself from sin ¹.
• All people are naturally ungodly and separated from God ².
• Sin brought death into the world through Adam's transgression ³.
• Every person stands under the curse of sin and death by nature ⁴.
• Human righteousness is insufficient to reconcile sinners to God ⁵.
• The Law reveals humanity's helplessness and condemnation before God ³⁰⁰.

B. Gospel

• Christ died for sinners while they were still ungodly ⁶.
• God's love is demonstrated through Christ's atoning death ⁷.
• Believers are justified by Christ's blood ⁸.
• Through Christ, sinners are reconciled to God ⁹.
• Christ's gracious gift is greater than Adam's trespass ¹⁰.
• Eternal life comes through the obedience and saving work of Christ ¹¹.

3. Christological Focus

Paul begins with a profound description of humanity's condition:

"For while we were still weak, at the right time Christ died for the ungodly" ¹².

The word "weak" emphasizes humanity's inability to save itself.

Sinners are not merely wounded or partially capable of self-help.

They are spiritually helpless before God ¹³.

Paul further describes those for whom Christ died as:

"the ungodly" ¹⁴.

This is one of the most remarkable statements in Scripture.

Christ did not die for worthy people.

He did not sacrifice Himself for those who had first improved themselves.

He died for sinners who deserved God's judgment ¹⁵.

Paul highlights the extraordinary nature of God's love:

"but God shows his love for us in that while we were still sinners, Christ died for us" ¹⁶.

Human love may occasionally lead someone to sacrifice for a righteous or admirable person.

God's love goes infinitely further.

Christ died for His enemies ¹⁷.

The cross therefore reveals both the seriousness of sin and the greatness of divine mercy.

At Calvary, God's justice and love meet perfectly ¹⁸.

Paul continues:

"Since, therefore, we have now been justified by his blood" ¹⁹.

Justification is God's declaration that sinners are righteous for Christ's sake.

This verdict is grounded not in human works but in Christ's atoning sacrifice ²⁰.

The blood of Christ refers to His sacrificial death as the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world ²¹.

Paul then speaks of reconciliation:

"while we were enemies we were reconciled to God by the death of his Son" ²².

Sin created hostility between humanity and God.

Through His death, Christ removes the barrier caused by sin and restores peace between God and sinners ²³.

Beginning in verse 12 and continuing through verse 15, Paul introduces the comparison between Adam and Christ.

Adam's sin brought death:

"death spread to all men because all sinned" ²⁴.

As the representative head of fallen humanity, Adam's transgression brought corruption and death into the world ²⁵.

Yet Paul declares:

"the free gift is not like the trespass" ²⁶.

Christ's saving work is greater than Adam's fall.

Adam brought death.

Christ brings life.

Adam brought condemnation.

Christ brings justification.

Adam's trespass affected all humanity.

Christ's grace overflows to many ²⁷.

At the center of this passage stands Jesus Christ.

He dies for the ungodly.

He sheds His blood for sinners.

He reconciles enemies to God.

He justifies the guilty.

He reverses the curse brought by Adam.

He bestows the free gift of salvation ²⁸.

For Lutheran theology, Romans 5:6-15 is a foundational text for the doctrine of justification by grace through faith. Humanity contributes nothing to its salvation. Christ accomplishes everything necessary through His death and resurrection ³⁰¹.

The passage also reveals the proper distinction between Law and Gospel. The Law exposes humanity's weakness, sin, and condemnation in Adam. The Gospel proclaims forgiveness, reconciliation, and life through Christ ³⁰².

Most importantly, Romans 5:6-15 directs believers to Jesus Christ.

He loved sinners before they loved Him.

He died for the ungodly.

He reconciled enemies to God.

He conquered the death brought by Adam.

He grants justification and eternal life through His saving work.

Thus Romans 5:6-15 directs believers to Jesus Christ, whose gracious sacrifice rescues sinners from death and brings them into peace with God.

4. Key Doctrinal Themes

A. Justification

Sinners are declared righteous through Christ's blood ¹⁹.

B. Atonement

Christ dies as the substitute for sinners ¹⁶.

C. Reconciliation

The death of Christ restores peace between God and humanity ²².

D. Original Sin

Adam's transgression brought sin and death to humanity ²⁴.

E. Grace

Christ's gift far exceeds the damage caused by Adam's fall ²⁶.

5. Application

A. For the Church

• Proclaim salvation by grace alone through faith in Christ.
• Emphasize Christ's atoning death as the center of the Gospel.
• Comfort troubled consciences with the certainty of justification.
• Teach the reality of original sin and humanity's need for redemption.
• Celebrate God's love revealed in Christ's sacrifice.

B. For Individual Christians

• Trust Christ rather than your own righteousness.
• Rejoice that Christ died for you while you were still a sinner.
• Rest in God's declaration of forgiveness and justification.
• Find peace in your reconciliation with God.
• Live in gratitude for God's undeserved mercy.
• Look to Christ as the source of eternal life.

6. Locations and People Referenced

A. People

• Jesus Christ - Savior, reconciler, and giver of justification.
• Adam - Representative head of fallen humanity.
• Paul - Apostle explaining justification and reconciliation.
• Sinners - Those for whom Christ died.
• Believers - Those justified through faith in Christ.

B. Locations

• Eden - Place of Adam's transgression.
• Calvary (Golgotha) - Place of Christ's atoning death.
• The World - Sphere affected by Adam's sin and Christ's redemption.
• The Kingdom of God - Realm entered through reconciliation in Christ.

7. Theological Topics

A. Justification

God declaring sinners righteous through Christ.

B. Atonement

Christ's sacrificial death for sin.

C. Original Sin

Humanity's fallen condition inherited from Adam.

D. Reconciliation

Peace restored between God and humanity.

E. Grace

God's undeserved favor toward sinners.

8. Connections to the Lutheran Confessions

A. Justification by Faith

Sinners are justified solely through Christ's merits received by faith ³⁰⁰.

B. Original Sin

Humanity inherits sin and death through Adam ³⁰¹.

C. Christ's Atonement

Christ's death fully satisfies God's justice for sinners ³⁰².

D. Grace Alone

Salvation comes entirely through God's undeserved mercy ³⁰³.

9. Suggested Hymns (LSB)

Entrance Hymns

• LSB 571 - "God Loved the World So That He Gave"
• LSB 556 - "Dear Christians, One and All, Rejoice"

Hymn of the Day

• LSB 555 - "Salvation unto Us Has Come"
• LSB 611 - "Chief of Sinners Though I Be"

Distribution Hymns

• LSB 618 - "I Come, O Savior, to Thy Table"
• LSB 625 - "Lord Jesus Christ, Life-Giving Bread"

Closing Hymns

• LSB 744 - "Amazing Grace"
• LSB 580 - "The Gospel Shows the Father's Grace"

• Biblical References:
  • • 1. Romans 5:6 - Humanity's weakness.
  • • 2. Romans 3:10-18 - Universal ungodliness.
  • • 3. Genesis 3:1-19 - The fall into sin.
  • • 4. Romans 5:12 - Death entering through sin.
  • • 5. Isaiah 64:6 - Human righteousness insufficient before God.
  • • 6. Romans 5:6 - Christ dying for the ungodly.
  • • 7. Romans 5:8 - God's love demonstrated through Christ's death.
  • • 8. Romans 5:9 - Justified by His blood.
  • • 9. Romans 5:10 - Reconciled through Christ's death.
  • • 10. Romans 5:15 - The free gift surpassing the trespass.
  • • 11. Romans 5:17-19 - Life through Christ's obedience.
  • • 12. Romans 5:6 - Christ died at the right time.
  • • 13. Ephesians 2:1-5 - Spiritual helplessness apart from grace.
  • • 14. Romans 5:6 - Christ died for the ungodly.
  • • 15. Luke 19:10 - Christ seeking and saving the lost.
  • • 16. Romans 5:8 - Christ dying for sinners.
  • • 17. Matthew 5:44-45 - God's love toward enemies.
  • • 18. Isaiah 53:4-6 - The suffering servant bearing sin.
  • • 19. Romans 5:9 - Justified by His blood.
  • • 20. Romans 3:24-28 - Justification through faith.
  • • 21. John 1:29 - Christ the Lamb of God.
  • • 22. Romans 5:10 - Reconciliation through the Son.
  • • 23. 2 Corinthians 5:18-21 - Ministry of reconciliation.
  • • 24. Romans 5:12 - Death spreading to all.
  • • 25. 1 Corinthians 15:21-22 - Death through Adam.
  • • 26. Romans 5:15 - The gift not like the trespass.
  • • 27. Romans 5:15-19 - Christ's grace surpassing Adam's fall.
  • • 28. 1 Corinthians 15:45-49 - Christ as the Last Adam.

• External References:
  • • 200. The Lutheran Study Bible - St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 2009. Notes on Romans 5:6-15 and justification by faith.
  • • 201. Concordia Commentary: Romans by C. E. B. Cranfield and related Lutheran scholarship - Discussion of Adam, Christ, reconciliation, and justification.
  • • 202. Luther's Works, Vol. 25 - Saint Louis: Concordia Publishing House. Lectures on Romans emphasizing grace and justification.

• Confessional References:
  • • 300. AC IV, 1-3 - Justification by faith through Christ.
  • • 301. AC II, 1-3 - Original sin inherited from Adam.
  • • 302. Ap IV, 53-60 - Christ's merits as the basis of justification.
  • • 303. FC SD III, 9-17 - Salvation by grace alone through Christ.

V. Gospel: Matthew 9:35-10:20

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1. Literary Context

Matthew 9:35-10:20 serves as a transition between Jesus' public ministry of teaching, preaching, and healing and His commissioning of the Twelve Apostles. Having demonstrated His authority through miracles and proclamation, Jesus now sends His disciples to continue His work among the lost sheep of Israel.

The passage begins with Christ's compassion for the crowds and concludes with His warnings about persecution. Together, these verses reveal both the urgency of the Gospel mission and the certainty of Christ's provision for those He sends.

This section introduces the second major discourse in Matthew's Gospel, often called the "Mission Discourse" (Matthew 10).

2. Law and Gospel

A. Law

• Humanity is spiritually lost, scattered, and helpless apart from Christ ¹.
• False shepherds and sinful leaders often fail to care for God's people properly ².
• The harvest is plentiful because countless people remain under sin's condemnation ³.
• Christians will face opposition, rejection, and persecution for the sake of Christ ⁴.
• Fear and human weakness can hinder faithful witness ⁵.
• The Law exposes humanity's desperate need for the Good Shepherd and Savior ³⁰⁰.

B. Gospel

• Jesus has compassion on helpless sinners ⁶.
• Christ sends workers to proclaim salvation through His Gospel ⁷.
• The kingdom of heaven has come near in Jesus Christ ⁸.
• Christ gives authority and gifts for the work He commands ⁹.
• The Holy Spirit equips believers to confess Christ under persecution ¹⁰.
• God preserves His Church through the ministry of Word and Sacrament ¹¹.

3. Christological Focus

The passage begins with a summary of Jesus' ministry:

"And Jesus went throughout all the cities and villages, teaching in their synagogues and proclaiming the gospel of the kingdom and healing every disease and every affliction" ¹².

Christ's ministry combines teaching, preaching, and healing.

His miracles confirm His identity as the promised Messiah and reveal the coming restoration of God's kingdom ¹³.

Matthew then records one of the most moving descriptions of Jesus' heart:

"When he saw the crowds, he had compassion for them" ¹⁴.

The Greek term translated "compassion" describes profound mercy arising from deep concern.

Jesus sees humanity not merely as a mass of people but as individuals suffering under the effects of sin, death, false teaching, and spiritual lostness ¹⁵.

The reason for His compassion is stated:

"because they were harassed and helpless, like sheep without a shepherd" ¹⁶.

This imagery recalls numerous Old Testament passages in which Israel lacked faithful spiritual leadership ¹⁷.

The ultimate solution is not merely better human leaders but the coming of the true Shepherd.

Jesus Himself is the fulfillment of God's promise to shepherd His people ¹⁸.

Christ then declares:

"The harvest is plentiful, but the laborers are few" ¹⁹.

The harvest belongs to God.

The mission originates in God's saving purpose.

The Church does not create the harvest; it gathers what God Himself has prepared ²⁰.

Therefore Jesus commands:

"pray earnestly to the Lord of the harvest to send out laborers into his harvest" ²¹.

The Church's mission begins with God's initiative and continues through His calling and sending ²².

In chapter 10 Jesus calls the Twelve Apostles and grants them authority:

"to heal every disease and every affliction" ²³.

This authority is not their own.

It comes entirely from Christ, who delegates His ministry to those He sends ²⁴.

The apostles are instructed:

"Go nowhere among the Gentiles and enter no town of the Samaritans" ²⁵.

This temporary limitation reflects the historical order of salvation. The Messiah first fulfills God's promises to Israel before the Gospel is later proclaimed to all nations after Christ's death and resurrection ²⁶.

The central message remains:

"The kingdom of heaven is at hand" ²⁷.

The kingdom arrives not as a political revolution but through the presence and work of Jesus Christ Himself ²⁸.

The disciples are to proclaim freely what they have freely received:

"Freely you have received; freely give" ²⁹.

The Gospel is God's gift and not a commodity to be bought or sold ³⁰.

Jesus then warns His apostles:

"Behold, I am sending you out as sheep in the midst of wolves" ³¹.

Faithful ministry will encounter opposition.

The proclamation of Christ inevitably provokes resistance from the sinful world ³².

Yet believers are not abandoned.

Jesus promises:

"For it is not you who speak, but the Spirit of your Father speaking through you" ³³.

The Holy Spirit sustains and empowers Christ's witnesses.

The success of the mission does not depend upon human eloquence or strength but upon God's work through His Word ³⁴.

At the center of this entire passage stands Jesus Christ.

He is the compassionate Shepherd.

He is the Lord of the harvest.

He is the One who calls and sends laborers.

He is the King whose kingdom has come near.

He is the source of apostolic authority.

He is the Savior whose Gospel brings healing and life ³⁵.

For Lutheran theology, this passage highlights the doctrine of the Ministry. Christ Himself establishes and sends servants to preach the Gospel and administer His gifts. The authority of the ministry derives from Christ and His Word rather than from human achievement or personal holiness ³⁰¹.

The passage also emphasizes that the Church's mission depends entirely upon God's grace and the power of the Holy Spirit working through the Gospel ³⁰².

Most importantly, Matthew 9:35-10:20 directs believers to Jesus Christ.

He sees the lost.

He has compassion upon sinners.

He gathers His flock.

He sends His servants.

He sustains His witnesses.

He continues to build His Church through His Word.

Thus Matthew 9:35-10:20 directs believers to Jesus Christ, the compassionate Shepherd and Lord of the harvest, who gathers sinners into His kingdom through the proclamation of the Gospel.

4. Key Doctrinal Themes

A. Christ's Compassion

Jesus lovingly seeks the lost and helpless ¹⁴.

B. The Ministry

Christ calls and sends workers into His harvest ²¹.

C. Mission

The Gospel is proclaimed so that sinners may be gathered into Christ's kingdom ²⁷.

D. The Holy Spirit

God equips believers to confess Christ faithfully ³³.

E. The Church

The Church continues Christ's mission through Word and Sacrament ¹¹.

5. Application

A. For the Church

• Pray for faithful pastors, missionaries, and church workers.
• Support the proclamation of the Gospel locally and globally.
• Trust Christ as the Lord of the harvest.
• Expect opposition while remaining faithful to God's Word.
• Remember that ministry succeeds through God's power rather than human effort.

B. For Individual Christians

• Rejoice in Christ's compassion for sinners.
• Pray that God would raise up faithful laborers.
• Confess Christ courageously when opportunities arise.
• Trust the Holy Spirit to provide wisdom and strength.
• Support the work of the Church through prayer and service.
• Rest in the care of the Good Shepherd.

6. Locations and People Referenced

A. People

• Jesus Christ - Compassionate Shepherd, Lord of the harvest, and sender of the apostles.
• The Twelve Apostles - Christ's chosen representatives.
• The crowds - Lost and helpless people needing salvation.
• The Holy Spirit - Empowering Christ's witnesses.
• The lost sheep of Israel - Initial recipients of the apostolic mission.
• Persecutors and opponents - Those resisting the Gospel message.

B. Locations

• Galilee - Primary setting of Jesus' ministry.
• Cities and Villages of Israel - Areas visited by Jesus.
• Synagogues - Places of teaching and proclamation.
• Israel - Initial focus of the apostolic mission.
• The Kingdom of Heaven - The reign of God manifested in Christ.
• The Harvest Field - Image for the mission field of the Gospel.

7. Theological Topics

A. Christology

Jesus as Shepherd, Messiah, and Lord of the harvest.

B. Ecclesiology

The Church's mission under Christ's authority.

C. Ministry

The divine calling and sending of Gospel workers.

D. Pneumatology

The work of the Holy Spirit in witness and confession.

E. Mission

The proclamation of salvation through Christ.

8. Connections to the Lutheran Confessions

• God gathers His Church through the Gospel and Sacraments ³⁰⁰.
• The Office of the Holy Ministry is instituted by Christ for the proclamation of forgiveness ³⁰¹.
• The Holy Spirit works through the Word to create and sustain faith ³⁰².
• The Church exists wherever the Gospel is rightly taught and the Sacraments rightly administered ³⁰³.

9. Suggested Hymns (LSB)

Entrance Hymns

• LSB 826 - "Hark, the Voice of Jesus Crying"
• LSB 827 - "Hark, the Voice of Jesus Calling"

Hymn of the Day

• LSB 830 - "Spread the Reign of God the Lord"
• LSB 496 - "Holy Spirit, Light Divine"

Distribution Hymns

• LSB 633 - "At the Lamb's High Feast We Sing"
• LSB 625 - "Lord Jesus Christ, Life-Giving Bread"

Closing Hymns

• LSB 839 - "O Christ, Our True and Only Light"
• LSB 920 - "Forth in the Peace of Christ We Go"

• Biblical References:
  • • 1. Isaiah 53:6 - Sheep gone astray.
  • • 2. Ezekiel 34:1-10 - Failure of Israel's shepherds.
  • • 3. John 4:35 - The harvest imagery.
  • • 4. John 15:18-20 - The world's hatred of Christ's followers.
  • • 5. Exodus 4:10-12 - Human weakness in God's service.
  • • 6. Matthew 9:36 - Christ's compassion.
  • • 7. Matthew 10:1-8 - Christ sending laborers.
  • • 8. Matthew 10:7 - The kingdom of heaven at hand.
  • • 9. Matthew 10:1 - Authority given by Christ.
  • • 10. Matthew 10:19-20 - The Spirit speaking through believers.
  • • 11. Acts 2:42-47 - God preserving His Church.
  • • 12. Matthew 9:35 - Summary of Christ's ministry.
  • • 13. Isaiah 35:5-6 - Messianic signs and healing.
  • • 14. Matthew 9:36 - Christ's compassion.
  • • 15. Hebrews 4:15 - Christ's sympathy for human weakness.
  • • 16. Matthew 9:36 - Sheep without a shepherd.
  • • 17. Numbers 27:17 - Shepherd imagery in Israel.
  • • 18. Ezekiel 34:23-24 - Promise of the true Shepherd.
  • • 19. Matthew 9:37 - The plentiful harvest.
  • • 20. 1 Corinthians 3:6-7 - God giving the growth.
  • • 21. Matthew 9:38 - Prayer for laborers.
  • • 22. Romans 10:14-15 - The necessity of sending preachers.
  • • 23. Matthew 10:1 - Authority granted to the apostles.
  • • 24. John 20:21 - Christ sending His disciples.
  • • 25. Matthew 10:5 - Initial mission to Israel.
  • • 26. Matthew 28:19 - Later mission to all nations.
  • • 27. Matthew 10:7 - The kingdom proclamation.
  • • 28. Luke 17:20-21 - The kingdom present in Christ.
  • • 29. Matthew 10:8 - Freely received and freely given.
  • • 30. Isaiah 55:1 - God's gifts without price.
  • • 31. Matthew 10:16 - Sheep among wolves.
  • • 32. 2 Timothy 3:12 - Persecution for faithful believers.
  • • 33. Matthew 10:20 - The Spirit speaking through believers.
  • • 34. 1 Corinthians 2:1-5 - God's power rather than human wisdom.
  • • 35. John 10:11-16 - Christ the Good Shepherd.

• External References:
  • • 200. The Lutheran Study Bible - St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 2009. Notes on Matthew 9:35-10:20 and Christ's mission.
  • • 201. Concordia Commentary: Matthew 1-11 by Jeffrey A. Gibbs - St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House. Discussion of the Mission Discourse and apostolic ministry.
  • • 202. Luther's Works, Vol. 67 - Saint Louis: Concordia Publishing House. Sermons emphasizing Christ's compassion and the ministry of the Gospel.

• Confessional References:
  • • 300. AC V, 1-3 - The ministry through which God gives the Gospel and Sacraments.
  • • 301. AC XIV, 1 - Proper calling into the Office of the Holy Ministry.
  • • 302. SC Apostles' Creed, 1 - The Holy Spirit calling, gathering, enlightening, and sanctifying the Church.
  • • 303. AC VII, 1-3 - The Church as the assembly where the Gospel is rightly taught and the Sacraments rightly administered.