I. Twenty-third Sunday after Trinity (One Year Series)

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1. Text and Context

Sunday Readings

Old Testament Reading: Proverbs 8:11-22

Wisdom declares her surpassing value and describes her relationship to righteousness, prudent rule, and the Lord's work in creation. The passage presents wisdom as a divine gift that is more valuable than earthly riches and grounded in the fear of the Lord.

Psalm: Psalm 111

The psalm praises the Lord for His mighty works, righteousness, covenant faithfulness, redemption, and enduring promises. The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom, and those who trust in His Word are called to praise Him.

Epistle: Philippians 3:17-21

Paul calls Christians to follow faithful examples and warns against those whose minds are set on earthly things. Believers await the Savior, Jesus Christ, who will transform their humble bodies to be like His glorious body.

Gospel: Matthew 22:15-22

The Pharisees and Herodians attempt to trap Jesus with a question about paying taxes to Caesar. Jesus exposes their hypocrisy and teaches that earthly obligations must be distinguished from the worship and allegiance owed to God.

Key Doctrinal Theme: God's Wisdom and Christ's Kingdom

God's wisdom surpasses worldly wisdom and directs His people toward righteousness and faithfulness. Christians live as citizens of heaven while faithfully serving in their earthly vocations, recognizing that all things ultimately belong to God.

2. Historical and Literary Setting

A. Proverbs 8:11-22

Proverbs 8 personifies Wisdom as a woman who calls people to receive instruction and understanding. The chapter presents wisdom as integral to God's ordering of creation and to a life pleasing to Him. Wisdom is not merely practical intelligence but a gift rooted in the fear of the Lord.

B. Psalm 111

Psalm 111 is a hymn of praise celebrating God's mighty works and covenant faithfulness. Its concluding verse connects the fear of the Lord with wisdom, forming a thematic bridge to Proverbs 8.

C. Philippians 3:17-21

Paul writes to the congregation at Philippi, a Roman colony. His teaching about heavenly citizenship would have resonated with believers familiar with Roman civic identity. Paul contrasts those who live as enemies of the cross with Christians whose citizenship is in heaven.

D. Matthew 22:15-22

Jesus is teaching in Jerusalem during the final week before His crucifixion. His opponents attempt to entangle Him in a political and religious controversy concerning Roman taxation. His answer exposes their false motives and reveals the proper distinction between civil authority and divine authority.

3. Exposition

A. Proverbs 8:11-22 - Wisdom's Supreme Value

Wisdom is more precious than jewels, and nothing desirable can compare with her. She is associated with prudence, knowledge, discretion, and the fear of the Lord. Wisdom hates pride, arrogance, and evil, and she enables rulers to govern justly. 1 ,2

Wisdom's value is not measured by earthly prosperity. Her greatest benefit is that she directs people toward what is good, right, and pleasing to God. She is essential to a life shaped by God's truth.

In verses 22, Wisdom speaks of her relationship to the Lord's work from the beginning. The passage ultimately points toward the profound relationship between divine Wisdom and God's creative activity. 3

B. Psalm 111 - The Lord's Mighty Works

The psalmist praises the Lord wholeheartedly among His people. God's works are great, glorious, righteous, and enduring. He remembers His covenant and provides for those who fear Him. 4

The Lord's redemption of His people demonstrates that His faithfulness is not merely an abstract attribute. He acts in history to deliver His people and establish His covenant. His Word is trustworthy, and His righteousness endures forever. 5

The psalm concludes that the fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom. True wisdom begins not with human independence but with reverence, faith, and trust in the Lord's Word. 6

C. Philippians 3:17-21 - Heavenly Citizenship

Paul urges the Philippians to imitate faithful Christian examples. He warns against those who live as enemies of the cross of Christ, whose minds are set on earthly things and whose ultimate destiny is destruction. 7

The Christian's identity is not determined by earthly status, citizenship, possessions, or achievements. Believers are citizens of heaven and eagerly await the return of Jesus Christ, their Savior. 8

Christ will transform the humble bodies of His people to be like His glorious body. This promise rests upon His divine power and points to the bodily resurrection and final restoration of creation. The Christian hope is not escape from bodily existence but its redemption and transformation. 9

D. Matthew 22:15-22 - Render to Caesar and to God

The Pharisees and Herodians seek to trap Jesus with a question about paying taxes to Caesar. They flatter Him while attempting to force Him into a politically dangerous answer. Jesus recognizes their malice and calls them hypocrites. 10

He asks for a denarius and directs attention to Caesar's image and inscription. Jesus then declares, "Therefore render to Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and to God the things that are God's." 11

The coin bears Caesar's image and may rightly be used to fulfill civil obligations. But human beings bear God's image (Genesis 1:26-27) and belong ultimately to Him. The answer does not establish unlimited civil authority. Rather, it distinguishes the legitimate responsibilities of earthly government from the worship and obedience owed to God alone. 12

4. Law and Gospel

A. Law

God's wisdom exposes the foolishness of human pride, self-reliance, and rebellion. Proverbs condemns arrogance and evil. Psalm 111 reminds sinners that the fear of the Lord is lacking when they disregard His Word.

Philippians warns against setting the mind on earthly things and living as an enemy of the cross. Matthew 22 exposes hypocrisy and reminds us that we often misuse earthly authority, possessions, and responsibilities for selfish purposes.

The Law reveals that we fail to give God the honor, obedience, and trust that He demands. We cannot attain righteousness through human wisdom, political loyalty, or moral achievement. 13

B. Gospel

Jesus Christ is the Wisdom of God incarnate. He perfectly fulfills the Father's will and gives Himself for sinners. On the cross, He bears the judgment our sins deserve. Through His resurrection, He conquers death and promises the transformation of our bodies into the likeness of His glory. 14

God justifies sinners by grace through faith in Christ. He makes us citizens of His heavenly kingdom and sustains us through His Word and Sacraments. Our confidence rests not in our wisdom or works but in Christ's righteousness and saving promises. 15

5. Christ-Centered Interpretation

A. Christ, the Wisdom of God

Proverbs 8 presents Wisdom as existing before the works of creation and participating in God's ordering of all things. The New Testament identifies Christ as the wisdom and power of God (1 Corinthians 1:24, 30). Jesus is not merely a wise teacher; He is the eternal Son through whom all things were made. 16

B. Christ, the Redeemer

Psalm 111 celebrates the Lord's redemption of His people. This redemption finds its ultimate fulfillment in Jesus Christ, who delivers sinners from bondage to sin, death, and the devil. His saving work establishes the new covenant in His blood. 17

C. Christ, the Heavenly King

Philippians 3 directs believers to the Savior who will return from heaven. Jesus is the true King whose authority surpasses all earthly powers. He will transform His people and bring them into the fullness of His eternal kingdom.

D. Christ and Earthly Authority

In Matthew 22, Jesus distinguishes earthly authority from divine authority. Christ Himself submits to earthly authorities in His state of humiliation, yet He remains the Lord of all. His kingdom is not established through political power but through His death and resurrection. 18

6. Key Doctrinal Themes

A. Divine Wisdom: True wisdom originates in God and directs human life toward righteousness and reverence for Him.

B. Fear of the Lord: Reverence, faith, and trust in God's Word are the beginning of wisdom.

C. Heavenly Citizenship: Christians belong to Christ's kingdom while continuing to live faithfully in their earthly vocations.

D. Bodily Resurrection: Christ will transform the bodies of believers to be like His glorious resurrected body.

E. Two Kingdoms: God rules through earthly authorities to preserve temporal life and through His Gospel to give eternal life.

F. Civil Obedience: Christians honor legitimate civil authority while recognizing that obedience to God takes precedence when human commands contradict His Word.

7. Lutheran Distinctions

A. The Two Kingdoms

God rules through His kingdom of the left hand, working through civil government and earthly institutions to preserve order and temporal life. He rules through His kingdom of the right hand by His Word and Sacraments, granting forgiveness and eternal salvation. These kingdoms are distinct but both remain under God's authority. 19

B. Vocation and Civil Responsibility

Christians serve their neighbors through earthly vocations, including family, work, and civic responsibilities. Paying taxes and obeying legitimate civil laws are not contrary to Christian faith. Such works serve the neighbor but do not merit salvation. 20

C. Justification and Sanctification

Christians are justified solely by grace through faith in Christ. Their lives of wisdom, obedience, and service follow as fruits of faith. Neither civic virtue nor earthly achievement can establish righteousness before God. 21

D. The Resurrection of the Body

Christian hope includes the bodily resurrection and transformation of believers. Christ's victory over death guarantees that our bodies will be raised and glorified. This hope shapes our earthly life without making earthly responsibilities insignificant. 22

8. Christian Application

A. Seek God's Wisdom

Christians should seek wisdom through God's Word rather than relying on human reason apart from divine revelation. The fear of the Lord leads to humility, repentance, and faith.

B. Praise the Lord's Works

Psalm 111 encourages believers to remember and proclaim God's mighty works. Regular worship and thanksgiving strengthen faith and direct attention to His enduring promises.

C. Follow Faithful Examples

Paul's exhortation calls Christians to learn from faithful pastors, teachers, and fellow believers whose lives confess Christ crucified.

D. Live as Heavenly Citizens

Christians should resist the temptation to make earthly prosperity, political identity, or social status their ultimate hope. Their citizenship is in heaven, and their Savior will return.

E. Honor Civil Authority

Christians should fulfill their civic responsibilities conscientiously, including obeying legitimate laws and paying taxes. They must never give earthly authorities the worship, trust, or obedience that belongs to God alone.

F. Confess Christ Boldly

When earthly authorities or cultural pressures oppose God's Word, Christians must remain faithful to Christ. Their courage rests in His promises and the hope of the resurrection.

9. Key Questions

  1. Why is wisdom more valuable than silver, gold, and earthly possessions?
  2. How does the fear of the Lord differ from mere human intelligence?
  3. What does Psalm 111 teach about the relationship between God's mighty works and wisdom?
  4. What does it mean that Christians are citizens of heaven?
  5. How does the promise of bodily resurrection shape Christian hope?
  6. What is the distinction between the responsibilities owed to Caesar and those owed to God?
  7. How does the doctrine of the Two Kingdoms help Christians understand civil government?
  8. When must Christians refuse to obey earthly authorities?
  9. How does Christ fulfill the theme of divine Wisdom in Proverbs 8?
  10. How do the four readings together direct believers toward Christ and faithful Christian living?

10. Research Topics

A. Divine Wisdom: Study Proverbs 8 alongside John 1:1-3, 1 Corinthians 1:24-30, and Colossians 1:15-20.

B. Fear of God: Examine the biblical meaning of the fear of the Lord in Proverbs, Psalms, and Lutheran theology.

C. Heavenly Citizenship: Investigate the Roman colonial setting of Philippi and Paul's use of citizenship imagery.

D. Two Kingdoms: Study Luther's teaching on civil government, Christian vocation, and the distinction between temporal and spiritual authority.

E. Caesar's Image: Explore the connection between Caesar's image on the denarius and humanity's creation in God's image.

F. Bodily Resurrection: Compare Philippians 3:20-21 with 1 Corinthians 15:35-58 and the Lutheran Confessions on the resurrection.

11. Recommended Hymns (LSB)

A. LSB 851 - Lord of Glory, You Have Bought Us. Confesses Christ's redemption and the Christian's calling to serve others faithfully.

B. LSB 732 - All Depends on Our Possessing. Directs believers to trust in God's gracious provision rather than earthly riches.

C. LSB 797 - Praise the Almighty. A fitting hymn of praise for the mighty works and enduring faithfulness of God.

D. LSB 728 - How Firm a Foundation. Encourages trust in God's Word and promises amid earthly trials.

E. LSB 654 - Your Kingdom, O God, Is My Glorious Treasure. Confesses the surpassing value of God's kingdom over earthly possessions.

F. LSB 645 - Built on the Rock. Celebrates the Church's foundation in Christ and His enduring Word.

G. LSB 508 - The Day Is Surely Drawing Near. Proclaims Christ's return, the final judgment, and the hope of His kingdom.

H. LSB 672 - Jerusalem the Golden. Expresses the joy and hope of heavenly citizenship and eternal life with Christ.

II. Old Testament Reading: Proverbs 8:11-22

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1. Text and Context

Proverbs 8 presents Wisdom as a woman calling people to receive instruction, understanding, and righteousness. In verses 11-22, Wisdom declares her surpassing value, her hatred of evil, her relationship to righteous rule, and her place in the Lord's work from the beginning.

Key Doctrinal Theme: The Surpassing Value of Divine Wisdom

True wisdom comes from God and is more valuable than earthly riches. It directs people toward righteousness, humility, prudent living, and the fear of the Lord. Ultimately, divine Wisdom finds its fullest revelation in Jesus Christ, the eternal Son of God.

2. Historical and Literary Setting

A. The Book of Proverbs

Proverbs belongs to the wisdom literature of the Old Testament. Its purpose is to instruct God's people in godly living, discernment, and righteousness. Proverbs 1:7 establishes its central principle: "The fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge."

B. The Personification of Wisdom

Proverbs 8 personifies Wisdom as a woman who publicly calls people to receive her instruction. This literary device presents wisdom as accessible, authoritative, and essential to life. Wisdom is not merely intellectual ability but knowledge shaped by God's truth and righteousness.

C. Wisdom and Creation

The chapter presents Wisdom in relationship to the Lord's creative work. Verses 22-31 describe Wisdom's existence before and during the ordering of creation. This passage has significant theological importance when considered alongside the New Testament's teaching about Christ as the eternal Word and Wisdom of God.

3. Exposition

A. Wisdom's Supreme Value (v. 11)

Wisdom is more precious than jewels, and nothing desirable can compare with her. Earthly wealth, power, and possessions cannot equal the value of understanding God's truth. Wisdom directs people toward what is truly good and lasting. 1

B. Wisdom's Character and Gifts (vv. 12-14)

Wisdom dwells with prudence and possesses knowledge and discretion. She declares that the fear of the Lord includes hatred of evil, pride, arrogance, and corrupt speech. Wisdom provides counsel, sound judgment, and strength. 2

The fear of the Lord is not merely terror but reverent faith that recognizes God's holiness and authority. Such faith rejects evil and seeks what pleases Him.

C. Wisdom and Righteous Rule (vv. 15-16)

Kings and rulers govern justly through wisdom. Righteous leadership depends upon discernment and justice rather than mere power or personal ambition. Wisdom enables those entrusted with authority to exercise it in accordance with what is right. 3

D. Wisdom's Rewards (vv. 17-21)

Wisdom loves those who love her and is found by those who seek her diligently. Her gifts are more valuable than silver and gold. She walks in righteousness and provides enduring riches to those who receive her. 4

These riches are not a promise that godly people will necessarily become wealthy. The passage emphasizes the enduring value of God's wisdom and the spiritual blessings of a life ordered by His Word.

E. Wisdom and the Lord's Creative Work (v. 22)

Wisdom declares, "The LORD possessed me at the beginning of his work, the first of his acts of old." The following verses continue this description of Wisdom's relationship to creation.

The passage should be interpreted carefully. Wisdom is personified poetically, and the text does not explicitly identify Wisdom as a separate divine person. Nevertheless, the New Testament reveals Christ as the eternal Word through whom all things were made and as the wisdom of God. 5 6

4. Law and Gospel

A. Law

God's wisdom exposes human foolishness, pride, arrogance, and evil. Human beings frequently trust their own understanding, pursue earthly riches, and reject God's instruction. The passage calls sinners to recognize that true wisdom begins with the fear of the Lord.

The Law reveals that we do not possess wisdom by nature in the way God demands. We cannot attain righteousness before Him through intelligence, education, prudence, or good works. 7

B. Gospel

Jesus Christ is the wisdom of God incarnate. He perfectly fulfills the Father's will and reveals God's saving wisdom through His life, death, and resurrection. What appears foolish to the world - the crucifixion of Christ - is God's power and wisdom for salvation. 8

Through faith in Christ, sinners receive forgiveness and righteousness as a gift. The Holy Spirit works through the Gospel to create faith and lead believers into lives of wisdom and good works. 9

5. Christ-Centered Interpretation

A. Christ, the Wisdom of God

The New Testament identifies Christ as "the wisdom of God" (1 Corinthians 1:24). He is not merely a wise teacher but the eternal Son of God, through whom all things were created. 10

B. Christ, the Eternal Word

John 1:1-3 teaches that the Word was with God and was God, and that all things were made through Him. This provides a foundational New Testament connection to Proverbs 8's description of Wisdom in relation to creation. 11

C. Christ, Our Righteousness

The wisdom of God is revealed in Christ's saving work. He became for us wisdom from God, righteousness, sanctification, and redemption. In Him, sinners receive what they could never achieve through human wisdom or merit. 12

D. Christ, the Revealer of God's Wisdom

Jesus reveals the Father's will and wisdom through His teaching, miracles, suffering, death, and resurrection. His cross overturns worldly standards of wisdom and power and demonstrates God's gracious purpose to save sinners.

6. Key Doctrinal Themes

A. Divine Wisdom: Wisdom originates in God and is more valuable than earthly possessions or human achievement.

B. Fear of the Lord: Reverent faith in God is the beginning of wisdom and leads away from evil.

C. Righteousness: Wisdom directs people toward justice, humility, and godly living.

D. Divine Creation: Wisdom is described in relation to the Lord's creative work, pointing toward the New Testament revelation of Christ as Creator.

E. Christological Fulfillment: Jesus Christ is the eternal Word and Wisdom of God, through whom the Father reveals His saving purpose.

F. Sanctification: God's wisdom shapes the life of believers, producing humility, discernment, love, and good works.

7. Lutheran Distinctions

A. Justification and Wisdom

Human wisdom and good works cannot justify sinners before God. Justification is received by grace through faith in Jesus Christ. Christian wisdom follows as the fruit of faith, not as the means of earning salvation. 13

B. Law and Gospel

The Law exposes human foolishness, sin, and rebellion. The Gospel reveals Christ as God's wisdom and righteousness for sinners. The distinction is essential: the Law commands and condemns, while the Gospel gives forgiveness and salvation through Christ. 14

C. The Means of Grace

God does not leave His people to discover saving wisdom through their own reason. He reveals Christ through His Word and delivers forgiveness through Baptism and the Lord's Supper. Through these means, the Holy Spirit creates and sustains faith. 15

D. Christian Vocation

Wisdom is expressed in daily life through faithful service to one's neighbor. Christians exercise discernment, humility, justice, and love in their vocations. Such good works glorify God and serve others but do not merit eternal life.

8. Christian Application

A. Seek Wisdom in God's Word

Christians should seek wisdom through Scripture rather than relying upon human reason apart from God's revelation. God's Word directs faith toward Christ and teaches believers how to live.

B. Reject Pride and Arrogance

Wisdom hates pride, arrogance, and evil. Christians are called to humility, repentance, and dependence upon God's grace.

C. Value Eternal Gifts

Earthly possessions and accomplishments are temporary. God's wisdom, forgiveness, and eternal promises are of surpassing value.

D. Exercise Righteous Judgment

Those entrusted with authority should act with justice, discernment, and humility. Christian wisdom seeks the good of others rather than personal advancement.

E. Live in Christ's Wisdom

Believers are called to reflect Christ's wisdom in their words, decisions, relationships, and service. This life flows from faith and gratitude for God's saving work.

9. Key Questions

  1. Why is wisdom more valuable than gold, silver, and precious stones?
  2. What does it mean that wisdom dwells with prudence and knowledge?
  3. Why does wisdom hate pride, arrogance, and evil?
  4. How does the fear of the Lord relate to true wisdom?
  5. What does Proverbs 8 teach about the relationship between wisdom and righteous leadership?
  6. How should we interpret Wisdom's relationship to creation in verse 22?
  7. How does the New Testament identify Jesus Christ as the Wisdom of God?
  8. What is the difference between human wisdom and the wisdom revealed in the cross?
  9. How does God's wisdom guide Christians in their daily vocations?
  10. How does the distinction between Law and Gospel help us understand this passage?

10. Research Topics

A. Wisdom Literature: Examine the purpose and theological character of biblical wisdom literature.

B. Personified Wisdom: Study the literary and theological significance of Wisdom as a personified figure in Proverbs 8.

C. Christ and Wisdom: Compare Proverbs 8 with John 1:1-3, 1 Corinthians 1:24-30, and Colossians 1:15-20.

D. Fear of God: Investigate the meaning of the fear of the Lord in Proverbs and Lutheran theology.

E. Wisdom and Creation: Explore the interpretation of Proverbs 8:22-31 throughout Christian history, including its relationship to the doctrine of the eternal Son.

F. Lutheran Ethics: Study how justification by faith shapes Christian wisdom, vocation, and good works.

11. Recommended Hymns (LSB)

A. LSB 820 - My Soul, Now Praise Your Maker. Celebrates God's wisdom, mercy, and gracious work in creation and redemption.

B. LSB 732 - All Depends on Our Possessing. Directs believers to trust in God's gracious provision rather than earthly riches.

C. LSB 851 - Lord of Glory, You Have Bought Us. Confesses Christ's redemption and the Christian's calling to serve others faithfully.

D. LSB 654 - Your Kingdom, O God, Is My Glorious Treasure. Emphasizes the surpassing value of God's kingdom over earthly possessions.

E. LSB 645 - Built on the Rock. Celebrates Christ as the foundation of the Church and the wisdom of building one's life upon His Word.

F. LSB 578 - Thy Strong Word. Proclaims Christ, the eternal Word through whom God creates, sustains, and redeems.

G. LSB 803 - Joyful, Joyful We Adore Thee. Praises God as the source of wisdom, goodness, and all creation.

III. Psalm: Psalm 111

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1. Text and Context

Psalm 111 is a hymn of praise celebrating the mighty works, righteousness, faithfulness, and redemption of the Lord. The psalmist praises God for His gracious deeds toward His people and proclaims that His covenant and commandments endure forever.

The psalm concludes with the declaration that "the fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom" (v. 10). This connects the psalm with the wisdom literature of Proverbs and emphasizes that true wisdom begins with faith, reverence, and trust in God.

Key Doctrinal Theme: The Lord's Faithfulness and the Beginning of Wisdom

God reveals His wisdom through His mighty works, His righteous judgments, and His enduring covenant. True wisdom begins with the fear of the Lord and is expressed in faith, praise, and obedience to His Word.

2. Historical and Literary Setting

A. A Hymn of Praise

Psalm 111 is a communal hymn of praise. The psalmist declares praise to the Lord with the whole heart, among the congregation of the righteous. The focus is not upon human accomplishments but upon God's gracious and mighty works.

B. An Alphabetical Psalm

Psalm 111 is an acrostic psalm in Hebrew. Its lines follow the order of the Hebrew alphabet, emphasizing the completeness and orderly character of the Lord's works and praise.

C. Covenant Faithfulness

The psalm recalls God's covenant with His people, especially His provision, redemption, and faithfulness. The Lord's mighty deeds demonstrate that His promises are trustworthy and that His righteousness endures forever.

3. Exposition

A. Praise from the Whole Heart (v. 1)

The psalm begins with "Praise the LORD!" The psalmist praises God wholeheartedly among the congregation of the righteous. Worship is both personal and communal, as God's people gather to proclaim His goodness. 1

B. The Greatness of God's Works (vv. 2-4)

The works of the Lord are great and worthy of careful consideration. His deeds are glorious and majestic, and His righteousness endures forever. The Lord is gracious and merciful, and His works reveal His character. 2

God's mighty works are not merely displays of power. They reveal His gracious purpose toward His people and invite them to remember His goodness.

C. God's Provision and Covenant (vv. 5-6)

The Lord provides food for those who fear Him and remembers His covenant forever. He demonstrates His power by giving His people the inheritance of the nations. 3

God's provision is an expression of His covenant faithfulness. His people depend upon Him, and His promises are the foundation of their confidence.

D. The Faithfulness of God's Word (vv. 7-9)

The works of God's hands are faithful and just. His commandments are trustworthy, established forever, and performed in faithfulness and uprightness. He has sent redemption to His people and established His covenant forever. 4

The Lord's holiness and reverence are central to His identity. His redemption demonstrates His gracious commitment to His people and His enduring faithfulness.

E. The Beginning of Wisdom (v. 10)

The psalm concludes that the fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom. Those who practice God's commandments demonstrate understanding. Wisdom begins with reverence for God and trust in His Word. 5

This is not a claim that obedience earns salvation. Rather, genuine wisdom flows from faith in the Lord and expresses itself in a life shaped by His commandments.

4. Law and Gospel

A. Law

The psalm reveals that God is righteous, holy, and faithful, while sinners are often ungrateful, foolish, and forgetful of His works. We fail to praise Him wholeheartedly and often trust in our own wisdom rather than His Word.

God's commandments expose our sin and reveal our need for repentance. We cannot establish righteousness before Him through our obedience or understanding. 6

B. Gospel

The Lord is gracious and merciful. His redemption of His people finds its ultimate fulfillment in Jesus Christ, who delivers sinners from sin, death, and the devil.

Christ establishes the new covenant through His blood, forgives sins, and gives eternal life. Through the Gospel, the Holy Spirit creates faith and leads believers to praise God for His gracious works. 7

5. Christ-Centered Interpretation

A. Christ, the Redeemer

Psalm 111:9 proclaims that the Lord has sent redemption to His people. This finds its fulfillment in Jesus Christ, who redeems sinners through His suffering, death, and resurrection. 8

B. Christ, the Covenant Mediator

The Lord's enduring covenant points toward the new covenant established by Christ. Through His blood, Jesus grants forgiveness and reconciles sinners to God. 9

C. Christ, the Wisdom of God

The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom. The New Testament reveals Christ as the wisdom of God, in whom are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge. True wisdom is found in knowing and trusting Him. 10

D. Christ, the Fulfillment of God's Mighty Works

God's mighty works in the Old Testament reveal His saving purpose. Christ fulfills this purpose through His incarnation, perfect obedience, cross, and resurrection. In Him, God's righteousness, mercy, and faithfulness are fully revealed.

6. Key Doctrinal Themes

A. Divine Praise: God's people respond to His mighty works with wholehearted worship.

B. Divine Righteousness: God's works are righteous, faithful, and enduring.

C. Covenant Faithfulness: The Lord remembers His covenant and keeps His promises.

D. Redemption: God delivers His people from bondage and fulfills His saving purpose in Christ.

E. Fear of the Lord: Reverence and faith in God are the beginning of wisdom.

F. Divine Revelation: God's works and Word reveal His character and direct believers toward faith and obedience.

7. Lutheran Distinctions

A. Faith and Works

The fear of the Lord and obedience to His commandments are fruits of faith, not the cause of justification. Sinners are justified by grace through faith in Christ, apart from works of the Law. 11

B. Law and Gospel

The Law reveals God's righteousness and exposes our sin. The Gospel proclaims God's mercy and redemption through Jesus Christ. The psalm's declaration of God's graciousness directs sinners toward the promises fulfilled in Christ. 12

C. The Means of Grace

God continues to reveal His gracious works through the Word and Sacraments. Through these means, the Holy Spirit creates and sustains faith, enabling believers to live in reverence, praise, and thanksgiving. 13

D. Worship and the Christian Life

The Christian life is shaped by God's gracious gifts. Worship, prayer, thanksgiving, and obedience are responses to His mercy. The Church gathers to hear His Word and receive His gifts, proclaiming His mighty works to one another and to the world.

8. Christian Application

A. Praise God Wholeheartedly

Psalm 111 encourages Christians to praise the Lord personally and together with the congregation. Worship is grounded in God's gracious works rather than personal feelings or achievements.

B. Remember God's Mighty Works

Believers should remember God's creation, providence, redemption, and faithfulness. Remembering His works strengthens faith and encourages thanksgiving.

C. Trust God's Promises

The Lord's covenant and commandments are trustworthy. Christians can rely upon His Word even amid suffering, uncertainty, and trials.

D. Seek Wisdom in God's Word

True wisdom begins with the fear of the Lord. Christians are called to seek understanding through Scripture and to reject pride and self-reliance.

E. Live in Gratitude

The Christian life is a response to God's gracious redemption. Believers serve their neighbors and obey God's commandments in thanksgiving for Christ's forgiveness and salvation.

9. Key Questions

  1. Why does the psalmist praise the Lord with the whole heart?
  2. What do God's mighty works reveal about His character?
  3. How does the Lord's provision demonstrate His covenant faithfulness?
  4. What does it mean that God's commandments are established forever?
  5. How does Psalm 111 connect redemption with the fear of the Lord?
  6. Why is the fear of the Lord the beginning of wisdom?
  7. How does Christ fulfill the Lord's redemption described in verse 9?
  8. What is the distinction between obedience as the fruit of faith and obedience as a means of earning salvation?
  9. How does God's Word sustain Christian faith and worship?
  10. How can Christians remember and proclaim God's mighty works in daily life?

10. Research Topics

A. Acrostic Psalms: Study the Hebrew alphabetical structure of Psalm 111 and its literary significance.

B. Divine Works: Examine the biblical relationship between God's mighty works, righteousness, and praise.

C. Covenant Faithfulness: Investigate the Lord's covenant promises and their fulfillment in Christ.

D. Fear of God: Explore the meaning of the fear of the Lord in Psalms and Proverbs.

E. Redemption: Compare Psalm 111:9 with Exodus 6:6, Luke 1:68, and Hebrews 9:11-15.

F. Wisdom and Faith: Study the relationship between the fear of the Lord, faith, and Christian obedience in Lutheran theology.

11. Recommended Hymns (LSB)

A. LSB 820 - My Soul, Now Praise Your Maker. Celebrates God's gracious works, mercy, and faithfulness.

B. LSB 797 - Praise the Almighty. A fitting hymn of praise for the Lord's mighty works and enduring righteousness.

C. LSB 806 - Give Thanks to God, the Father. Expresses thanksgiving for God's gracious gifts and redemption.

D. LSB 941 - We Praise You and Acknowledge You, O God. A hymn of praise confessing God's majesty and mighty works.

E. LSB 578 - Thy Strong Word. Proclaims God's powerful Word through creation, redemption, and the life of the Church.

F. LSB 654 - Your Kingdom, O God, Is My Glorious Treasure. Confesses the surpassing value of God's kingdom and His gracious promises.

G. LSB 892 - Come, Ye Thankful People, Come. Celebrates God's faithfulness and the gathering of His people in thanksgiving.

IV. Epistle: Philippians 3:17-21

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1. Text and Context

Philippians 3:17-21 contrasts those who live as enemies of the cross of Christ with Christians whose citizenship is in heaven. Paul calls believers to follow faithful examples, warns against setting their minds on earthly things, and directs their hope toward the return of Jesus Christ, who will transform their humble bodies to be like His glorious body.

Key Doctrinal Theme: Heavenly Citizenship and the Resurrection

Christians belong to the kingdom of heaven while living in the present world. Their hope rests in Jesus Christ, who will return as Savior and transform their bodies in the resurrection. This heavenly citizenship shapes their faith, conduct, and hope.

2. Historical and Literary Setting

A. Paul's Letter to the Philippians

Paul writes to the congregation at Philippi, a Roman colony in Macedonia. The Philippians lived in a city proud of its Roman citizenship and political identity. Paul's declaration that Christians are citizens of heaven provides a profound contrast to earthly status and allegiance.

B. The Context of Philippians 3

Earlier in chapter 3, Paul rejects confidence in the flesh and declares that righteousness comes through faith in Christ. He presses toward the goal of knowing Christ and attaining the resurrection. Verses 17-21 continue this teaching by contrasting faithful Christian examples with those who live as enemies of the cross.

C. The Christian's Future Hope

Paul directs the congregation away from earthly-mindedness and toward the return of Jesus Christ. The Christian life is lived in the present while anticipating the final transformation that Christ will accomplish at His coming.

3. Exposition

A. Follow Faithful Examples (v. 17)

Paul urges the Philippians to imitate him and to observe those who walk according to the example they have received. Christian discipleship includes learning from faithful teachers and fellow believers whose lives reflect the Gospel. 1

Paul does not call believers to imitate his personal perfection. Rather, he points them toward the pattern of faith in Christ, which he has described throughout the chapter.

B. Enemies of the Cross (vv. 18-19)

Paul warns that many live as enemies of the cross of Christ. Their end is destruction, their god is their belly, they glory in their shame, and their minds are set on earthly things. 2

The description exposes a life governed by sinful desires and worldly priorities rather than faith in Christ crucified. The cross contradicts human pride and self-reliance. Those who reject its message reject the only source of salvation.

The warning is serious. The Church must distinguish faithful teaching from false teaching and remain steadfast in the Gospel.

C. Heavenly Citizenship (v. 20)

Paul declares, "But our citizenship is in heaven, and from it we await a Savior, the Lord Jesus Christ." 3

The Philippians' Roman citizenship was a source of civic identity and privilege. Paul places the Christian's ultimate identity in heaven. Believers belong to Christ's kingdom, and their deepest allegiance is to Him.

This heavenly citizenship does not remove Christians from earthly life. Rather, it shapes how they live in the world, directing their hope away from temporary things toward the coming Savior.

D. The Transformation of the Body (v. 21)

Christ will transform the body of our humble state to be like His glorious body. He accomplishes this by the power with which He subjects all things to Himself. 4

Christian hope is not the abandonment of the body but its redemption. The body, now subject to weakness, suffering, and death, will be raised and glorified. Christ's own bodily resurrection is the guarantee of this promise.

4. Law and Gospel

A. Law

Paul's warning exposes the danger of living as an enemy of the cross. Human beings are tempted to make bodily desires, earthly success, possessions, or personal achievements their highest concern.

The Law reveals that our sinful nature is earthly-minded and that we cannot transform ourselves into the righteousness God demands. We are unable to overcome sin and death by our own power. 5

B. Gospel

Jesus Christ is the Savior who has conquered sin, death, and the devil. Through His death on the cross, He reconciles sinners to God. Through His bodily resurrection, He has overcome death and guarantees the resurrection of those who belong to Him. 6

Christ justifies sinners by grace through faith. He gives believers heavenly citizenship and promises to transform their bodies at His return. The Gospel directs faith away from personal achievement and toward Christ's saving work and promises. 7

5. Christ-Centered Interpretation

A. Christ, the Savior from Heaven

Jesus Christ is the Savior whom Christians await. He has come in humility to redeem sinners and will return in glory to complete their salvation. His identity as Lord and Savior is the foundation of Christian hope. 8

B. Christ, the Crucified Lord

Paul's warning against enemies of the cross directs attention to Christ's atoning death. The cross reveals God's wisdom and power in the salvation of sinners. Christ's death is not merely an example of suffering but the sacrifice that reconciles sinners to God. 9

C. Christ, the Risen and Glorified Lord

Christ's glorious body is the pattern and guarantee of the believer's future bodily transformation. His resurrection is the beginning of the new creation and the promise that death will not have the final word over those who are in Him. 10

D. Christ, Lord of All Things

Christ will transform believers by the power with which He subjects all things to Himself. He is not merely a spiritual guide but the Lord of creation, history, life, and death. His final victory will bring His people into the fullness of eternal life. 11

6. Key Doctrinal Themes

A. Christian Discipleship: Believers follow faithful examples whose lives are shaped by the Gospel.

B. The Cross of Christ: The cross is the center of Christian faith and the only source of salvation.

C. Heavenly Citizenship: Christians belong to Christ's heavenly kingdom while serving faithfully in earthly vocations.

D. The Second Coming: Jesus Christ will return visibly in glory to complete His saving work.

E. Bodily Resurrection: The bodies of believers will be raised and transformed to be like Christ's glorious body.

F. Christian Hope: The certainty of Christ's return sustains believers amid suffering, weakness, and death.

7. Lutheran Distinctions

A. Justification and Sanctification

Christians are justified by grace through faith in Christ, not by their conduct or earthly accomplishments. The new life of faith follows justification and produces good works. Paul's call to imitate faithful examples describes sanctification, not a means of earning salvation. 12

B. The Theology of the Cross

God's saving wisdom is revealed in the crucifixion of Christ. Human pride and worldly wisdom are exposed by the cross. Christians therefore boast not in earthly achievements but in Christ crucified for sinners. 13

C. The Resurrection of the Body

Lutheran theology confesses the bodily resurrection of the dead. The body is not discarded as evil or irrelevant. God created the body, Christ redeemed it, and the Lord will raise and glorify it on the Last Day. 14

D. Christian Citizenship and Vocation

Heavenly citizenship does not negate earthly responsibilities. Christians serve their neighbors through their vocations and respect legitimate civil authority. Their ultimate hope, however, rests in Christ and His eternal kingdom.

E. The Last Day

Christ will return to judge the living and the dead. Believers await this day with confidence because their salvation rests upon Christ's righteousness, death, and resurrection. The final transformation of the body is God's gracious work, not a human achievement. 15

8. Christian Application

A. Follow Faithful Teachers

Christians should learn from faithful pastors, teachers, and fellow believers who direct them to Christ and His Word. They should also exercise discernment toward teachings and examples that contradict the Gospel.

B. Resist Earthly-Mindedness

Believers should examine whether earthly desires, possessions, ambitions, and pleasures have become their highest priorities. The Gospel frees Christians to receive earthly blessings with thanksgiving without making them ultimate.

C. Live as Citizens of Heaven

The Christian's identity rests in Christ. This heavenly citizenship shapes daily conduct, relationships, decisions, and service to others.

D. Stand Firm in the Cross

Christians should remain faithful to the Gospel even when it contradicts worldly wisdom or cultural expectations. Their confidence rests in Christ crucified and risen.

E. Comfort One Another with Resurrection Hope

The promise of bodily resurrection gives comfort amid illness, suffering, aging, and death. The bodies of believers will be transformed and glorified when Christ returns.

F. Await Christ with Confidence

The uncertainty of the time of Christ's return calls Christians to faithfulness, not speculation. They live in hope, knowing that the Savior will complete what He has begun.

9. Key Questions

  1. What does Paul mean by following faithful examples?
  2. Who are those described as enemies of the cross of Christ?
  3. What does it mean that their god is their belly?
  4. How does earthly-mindedness differ from faithful Christian living?
  5. What does heavenly citizenship mean for Christians living in the world?
  6. Why is the return of Christ central to Christian hope?
  7. What does Paul teach about the transformation of the body?
  8. How does Christ's resurrection guarantee the resurrection of believers?
  9. How does the Lutheran distinction between justification and sanctification help us understand Paul's exhortation?
  10. How does this passage comfort Christians facing suffering, aging, and death?

10. Research Topics

A. Roman Citizenship: Study the civic identity of Philippi and Paul's use of citizenship imagery.

B. Enemies of the Cross: Examine Paul's warning in Philippians 3:18-19 and its theological significance.

C. Heavenly Citizenship: Compare Philippians 3:20 with Ephesians 2:19 and Hebrews 11:13-16.

D. Bodily Resurrection: Study Philippians 3:21 alongside 1 Corinthians 15:35-58 and Romans 8:18-25.

E. The Theology of the Cross: Explore the distinction between worldly wisdom and God's saving wisdom in 1 Corinthians 1:18-31.

F. Lutheran Eschatology: Investigate the Lutheran Confessions' teaching on Christ's return, the final judgment, and the resurrection of the body.

11. Recommended Hymns (LSB)

A. LSB 741 - Jesus Christ, My Sure Defense. Confesses confidence in Christ's saving work and the hope of the resurrection.

B. LSB 508 - The Day Is Surely Drawing Near. Proclaims Christ's return and the final judgment while emphasizing the hope of salvation.

C. LSB 516 - Wake, Awake, for Night Is Flying. Encourages the Church to await the coming of the heavenly Bridegroom.

D. LSB 672 - Jerusalem the Golden. Expresses the joy of heavenly citizenship and eternal life with Christ.

E. LSB 607 - From Depths of Woe I Cry to Thee. Directs the sinner to God's mercy and the hope of salvation in Christ.

F. LSB 725 - Children of the Heavenly Father. Confesses the comfort and assurance of belonging to God through faith.

G. LSB 655 - Lord, Keep Us Steadfast in Your Word. Prays for preservation in the true faith against false teaching and worldly opposition.

H. LSB 609 - Jesus Sinners Doth Receive. Proclaims the Gospel promise of Christ's gracious welcome to sinners.

V. Gospel: Matthew 22:15-22

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1. Text and Context

Matthew 22:15-22 records the attempt of the Pharisees and Herodians to trap Jesus with a question concerning the payment of taxes to Caesar. Jesus exposes their hypocrisy and answers with the memorable declaration: "Therefore render to Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and to God the things that are God's."

The passage teaches the distinction between earthly responsibilities and the obligations owed to God. Christians live under earthly authorities while recognizing that their ultimate allegiance, worship, and trust belong to God alone.

Key Doctrinal Theme: Earthly Authority and Divine Authority

God establishes earthly authority to preserve order and temporal life. Christians fulfill their civic responsibilities while recognizing that God alone is worthy of worship and absolute obedience. All earthly authority remains accountable to Him.

2. Historical and Literary Setting

A. Jesus in Jerusalem

This event takes place during the final week of Jesus' earthly ministry. He has entered Jerusalem, cleansed the temple, and confronted the religious leaders. His teaching increasingly exposes their unbelief and prepares for His suffering and death.

B. The Pharisees and Herodians

The Pharisees were religious leaders who generally opposed Roman rule, while the Herodians supported the Herodian political establishment. Their cooperation in this encounter is unusual and demonstrates their shared opposition to Jesus.

C. The Roman Tax

The tax in question was likely the imperial tribute paid to Rome. Refusing to pay could be interpreted as rebellion against Caesar, while affirming the tax could alienate those who resented Roman domination. The question was designed to place Jesus in a politically dangerous position.

3. Exposition

A. The Plot Against Jesus (vv. 15-17)

The Pharisees consult together about how to entangle Jesus in His words. They send their disciples along with the Herodians, who flatter Him by calling Him truthful and impartial before asking whether it is lawful to pay taxes to Caesar. 1

Their question is not sincere. They seek to force Jesus into a dilemma: either He appears to support Roman oppression or He appears to oppose Caesar and invites political accusation.

B. Jesus Exposes Their Hypocrisy (v. 18)

Jesus recognizes their malice and calls them hypocrites. He does not allow their flattering words to conceal their unbelief. Their question reveals that they are not seeking God's truth but attempting to discredit Him. 2

The passage reminds us that religious language can be used deceptively. True discipleship seeks God's Word sincerely rather than manipulating it for personal or political purposes.

C. The Image on the Denarius (vv. 19-20)

Jesus asks them to show Him the coin used for the tax. They bring Him a denarius, and He asks whose likeness and inscription it bears. They answer, "Caesar's." 3

The coin bears the image and inscription of the earthly ruler. Jesus uses this concrete object to expose the simplicity of the question and direct attention to the proper relationship between earthly obligations and divine authority.

D. Render to Caesar and to God (v. 21)

Jesus declares, "Therefore render to Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and to God the things that are God's." 4

The command to render to Caesar recognizes legitimate earthly obligations. Civil government has authority to collect taxes and fulfill its responsibilities for the preservation of temporal order.

Yet the second part of Jesus' answer is decisive. God is not merely another authority alongside Caesar. Everything ultimately belongs to God. Caesar's authority is limited, earthly, and accountable to the Lord.

Human beings bear God's image (Genesis 1:26-27). Therefore, while a coin may bear Caesar's image, human beings belong to God and owe Him their worship, love, fear, and trust.

E. The Response of Jesus' Opponents (v. 22)

When the Pharisees and Herodians hear Jesus' answer, they marvel and leave Him. His wisdom exposes their trap and reveals the inadequacy of their opposition. 5

Jesus' answer does not merely resolve a political controversy. It reveals His divine wisdom and authority, which His opponents fail to recognize.

4. Law and Gospel

A. Law

The passage exposes hypocrisy, deception, and the misuse of earthly authority. Human beings often seek to manipulate God's Word to justify their own ambitions or political interests.

The Law also reveals that we frequently fail to give God what belongs to Him. We withhold our wholehearted love, fear, trust, and obedience. We cannot establish righteousness through civic virtue, political allegiance, or outward religious behavior. 6

B. Gospel

Jesus Christ is the faithful Son who renders to the Father perfect obedience. He submits to earthly authority in His state of humiliation while remaining Lord over all creation.

At the cross, Christ bears the judgment of sinners who have failed to honor God. Through His death and resurrection, He redeems us and restores us to the Father. By grace through faith, we receive forgiveness and eternal life. 7

The Gospel frees Christians to fulfill earthly responsibilities without making civil government, political power, or worldly identity their ultimate hope. Christ alone is Lord and Savior.

5. Christ-Centered Interpretation

A. Christ, the Wisdom of God

Jesus answers His opponents with divine wisdom. Their political trap cannot overcome Him because He knows their hearts and reveals the truth. Christ is the wisdom of God, whose authority surpasses human schemes. 8

B. Christ, the Obedient Son

Jesus perfectly fulfills the Father's will. Unlike sinful humanity, He renders to God the obedience, love, and trust that the Father demands. His perfect righteousness becomes the righteousness of believers through faith.

C. Christ, Lord of Caesar

Jesus recognizes earthly authority without surrendering divine authority to it. He is the Lord of all rulers and nations. Caesar's power is temporary and limited, while Christ's kingdom is eternal.

D. Christ, the Redeemer

Jesus' journey to the cross is not political rebellion but the fulfillment of God's saving purpose. He gives Himself for sinners, conquers death, and establishes His kingdom through the Gospel. His resurrection declares that all earthly powers are subject to Him.

6. Key Doctrinal Themes

A. Civil Authority: God establishes earthly government for the preservation of temporal order and the protection of human life.

B. Divine Authority: God alone is worthy of worship, fear, love, and trust above all things.

C. Christian Citizenship: Christians fulfill earthly responsibilities while recognizing their ultimate citizenship in God's kingdom.

D. The Two Kingdoms: God rules through civil authority to preserve temporal life and through the Gospel to give forgiveness and eternal salvation.

E. Christian Conscience: Earthly authority is limited and cannot command what God forbids or forbid what God commands.

F. Christ's Lordship: Jesus Christ is Lord over all earthly rulers and authorities.

7. Lutheran Distinctions

A. The Two Kingdoms

God rules through His kingdom of the left hand by means of earthly government, law, and civil authority to preserve order and temporal life. He rules through His kingdom of the right hand by His Word and Sacraments, granting forgiveness and eternal salvation. These kingdoms are distinct but remain under God's authority. 9

B. Civil Obedience and Its Limits

Christians are called to obey legitimate civil authority, pay taxes, and fulfill civic responsibilities. However, earthly authorities cannot demand obedience contrary to God's Word. When civil commands contradict divine commands, Christians must obey God rather than men. 10

C. Vocation and Good Works

Christians serve their neighbors through their earthly vocations, including family, work, and civic life. Paying taxes and obeying legitimate laws are acts of service to the neighbor. These works do not merit salvation but flow from faith and gratitude. 11

D. Justification by Grace

No earthly citizenship, political allegiance, or moral achievement can justify sinners before God. We are justified solely by grace through faith in Christ. Good works follow as the fruit of faith, not the cause of salvation. 12

8. Christian Application

A. Fulfill Civic Responsibilities

Christians should conscientiously fulfill their obligations to civil government, including paying taxes, obeying legitimate laws, and serving their communities.

B. Distinguish Earthly and Divine Allegiance

Believers should avoid treating political parties, nations, or earthly rulers as ultimate sources of hope. Their highest allegiance belongs to God.

C. Exercise Discernment

Christians should recognize when political or religious language is used deceptively. God's Word must guide judgment rather than manipulation or partisan pressure.

D. Respect Legitimate Authority

Earthly authorities are God's servants for temporal purposes. Christians should respect those who govern while remembering that civil authority is limited and accountable to God.

E. Confess Christ Boldly

When earthly authorities demand what God forbids, Christians must remain faithful to the Lord. Their courage rests in Christ's promises and eternal kingdom.

F. Serve the Neighbor

Christian freedom is expressed through love and service. Believers fulfill their earthly vocations in gratitude for Christ's forgiveness and salvation.

9. Key Questions

  1. Why did the Pharisees and Herodians ask Jesus about paying taxes to Caesar?
  2. What does Jesus expose when He calls His opponents hypocrites?
  3. Why does Jesus ask whose image and inscription appear on the denarius?
  4. What does it mean to render to Caesar the things that are Caesar's?
  5. What does it mean to render to God the things that are God's?
  6. How does Genesis 1:26-27 deepen our understanding of Jesus' answer?
  7. How does the Lutheran doctrine of the Two Kingdoms help interpret this passage?
  8. When must Christians refuse to obey earthly authorities?
  9. How does justification by grace distinguish salvation from civic responsibility?
  10. How does Christ's lordship provide comfort and confidence amid political uncertainty?

10. Research Topics

A. Roman Taxation: Investigate the imperial tribute and the political circumstances surrounding taxation in first-century Judea.

B. Pharisees and Herodians: Study the relationship between these groups and their shared opposition to Jesus.

C. Image of God: Compare Caesar's image on the denarius with humanity's creation in God's image.

D. Two Kingdoms: Examine Luther's teaching on civil government, Christian vocation, and the distinction between temporal and spiritual authority.

E. Civil Disobedience: Study biblical examples of obedience to God when earthly authorities command what is contrary to His Word.

F. Christ's Kingship: Explore the relationship between Christ's kingdom and earthly political power throughout Matthew's Gospel.

11. Recommended Hymns (LSB)

A. LSB 851 - Lord of Glory, You Have Bought Us. Confesses Christ's redemption and the Christian's calling to serve the neighbor.

B. LSB 645 - Built on the Rock. Celebrates Christ as the foundation of the Church and His enduring Word.

C. LSB 655 - Lord, Keep Us Steadfast in Your Word. Prays for preservation in the true faith against false teaching and worldly opposition.

D. LSB 832 - Jesus Shall Reign. Proclaims Christ's universal kingship over all nations and earthly authorities.

E. LSB 778 - Grant Peace, We Pray, in Mercy, Lord. A prayer for peace and the preservation of civil order under God's mercy.

F. LSB 724 - If God Himself Be for Me. Confesses confidence in God's authority and protection above all earthly powers.

G. LSB 728 - How Firm a Foundation. Encourages trust in God's Word amid earthly trials and uncertainties.