Baptism Framework

I. Baptism

1. Introduction: Baptism as a Means of Grace

Baptism is a sacred act instituted by Christ through which God grants the forgiveness of sins, delivers from death and the devil, and gives eternal salvation to all who believe. It is not merely a symbol or human rite but a true means of grace, by which God works faith through His Word combined with water (Mark 16:16; Romans 6:3-4) ^1,2. Lutheran theology upholds baptism as essential to the Christian life and faith ³⁰⁰.

2. Biblical Teaching on Baptism

A. Institution of Baptism by Christ

• Jesus commands baptism in the Great Commission: "Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit" (Matthew 28:19) ³.
• Baptism is linked with the proclamation of the Gospel and the forgiveness of sins (Acts 2:38; Acts 22:16) ^4,5.

B. Baptism as Union with Christ

• Baptism unites the believer with Christ's death and resurrection: "We were buried therefore with him by baptism into death, in order that, just as Christ was raised from the dead... we too might walk in newness of life" (Romans 6:4) ².
• Through baptism, believers are clothed with Christ (Galatians 3:27) ⁶.

C. Baptism and Regeneration

• Baptism is described as washing and rebirth by the Spirit (Titus 3:5) ⁷.
• It is the means by which God grants new spiritual life and the remission of sins (1 Peter 3:21) ⁸.

3. Theological Significance in Lutheran Doctrine

A. Baptism as a Means of Grace

• Baptism is God's gracious act, through which He works faith and grants the gifts of forgiveness, life, and salvation (Small Catechism, Explanation to the Sacrament) ³⁰¹.
• The efficacy of baptism does not depend on the righteousness of the one baptizing or the baptized but on God's promise and command (Romans 4:16) ⁹.

B. Infant Baptism

• Infants are to be baptized because they are included in God's covenant and promise of grace (Acts 2:39; Matthew 19:14) ^10,11.
• Baptism grants faith and regeneration even where the infant does not yet have conscious faith (Psalm 22:9-10) ¹².

C. Baptism and Faith

• Baptism demands and produces faith, but the faith that receives baptism's benefits is God-given, worked by the Holy Spirit (Ephesians 2:8-9) ⁴.
• Baptism is not a work of human merit but a gift of God's grace.

4. Pastoral and Catechetical Implications

A. Teaching the Importance and Meaning of Baptism

• Catechesis clearly teaches that baptism is necessary for salvation, rooted in Christ's institution and promise (Small Catechism, Sacrament of Holy Baptism) ³⁰¹.
• Baptism is a foundation for Christian faith and life, calling for ongoing repentance and renewal.

B. Administering Baptism with Faithfulness to the Word

• Pastors administer baptism according to Christ's command, using water and the Trinitarian formula (Matthew 28:19) ³.
• The congregation witnesses and supports the baptized in their new life in Christ.

C. Encouraging Baptized Christians to Live in Their Baptism

• Baptized believers are called to live daily as renewed people, empowered by the Spirit to grow in faith and holiness (Romans 6:11-13) ².
• The Church nurtures baptized members through Word and Sacraments.

5. Confessional Affirmations

A. Augsburg Confession

• Affirms baptism as necessary for salvation and a means of grace (Article IX) ³⁰⁰.

B. Apology of the Augsburg Confession

• Defends infant baptism and baptismal regeneration against erroneous teachings (Article IX) ³⁰³.

C. Formula of Concord

• Confesses the truth of baptismal regeneration and its efficacy as God's work (Solid Declaration, Article IX) ³⁰⁴.

6. Conclusion: Baptism as God's Gift and Promise of New Life

Baptism is a gracious act of God, commanded and instituted by Christ, through which He creates and strengthens faith, forgives sins, and grants eternal life. It is a central and indispensable means of grace for all believers, including infants, forming the foundation of the Christian life.

• Biblical References:
  • • 1. Mark 16:16 - Faith and baptism as necessary for salvation.
  • • 2. Romans 6:3-4, 6:11-13 - Baptism as union with Christ's death and resurrection and new life.
  • • 3. Matthew 28:19 - The Great Commission to baptize.
  • • 4. Acts 2:38 - Repentance, baptism, and forgiveness of sins.
  • • 5. Acts 22:16 - Baptism and washing away sins.
  • • 6. Galatians 3:27 - Being clothed with Christ through baptism.
  • • 7. Titus 3:5 - Regeneration and renewal by the Holy Spirit.
  • • 8. 1 Peter 3:21 - Baptism as an appeal to God for a good conscience.
  • • 9. Romans 4:16 - Baptism's promise rests on God's grace.
  • • 10. Acts 2:39 - Baptism for children included in the covenant.
  • • 11. Matthew 19:14 - Jesus welcomes children.
  • • 12. Psalm 22:9-10 - God's care for children and infants.

• External References:
  • • 300. Robert Kolb and Charles Arand, The Genius of Luther's Theology - Baptism as a means of grace and its importance in Lutheran theology.
    
    

• Confessional References:
  • • 301. SC Holy Baptism, 1 - Teaching on baptism and faith.
  • • 302. AC IX, - Baptism as necessary and efficacious for salvation.
  • • 303. Ap IX, - Defense of infant baptism and baptismal regeneration.
  • • 304. FC SD IX, - Confession of baptismal regeneration.

II. Institution of Baptism by Christ

1. Introduction: Baptism Instituted by Christ as a Divine Command and Means of Grace

The institution of baptism by Christ establishes it as a holy sacrament and a vital means of grace for the Church. Baptism is commanded by Christ in the Great Commission and is a central act of Christian initiation, whereby God grants forgiveness, new life, and incorporation into the body of Christ (Matthew 28:19-20) ³⁰⁰.

2. Biblical Foundations of the Institution of Baptism

A. Christ's Command to Baptize

• The clear command and institution of baptism by Christ are found in the Great Commission: "Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit" (Matthew 28:19) ¹.
• This command is reiterated in Mark 16:15-16, linking baptism with the preaching of the Gospel and salvation (Mark 16:16) ².

B. Baptism Connected to Discipleship and Teaching

• Baptism is inseparably linked with making disciples and teaching them to obey Christ's commands (Matthew 28:20) ¹.
• It is not merely an external rite but part of the formation and growth of discipleship.

C. Early Church Practice as Confirmation of Institution

• The book of Acts records baptism as the normative response to repentance and faith (Acts 2:38; Acts 8:12) ^3,4.
• Baptism is a fundamental act marking entry into the Christian community.

3. Theological Significance in Lutheran Doctrine

A. Baptism as a Sacrament Instituted by Christ

• Baptism is one of two sacraments instituted by Christ that convey grace through water and His Word (Small Catechism, Explanation to the Sacrament) ³⁰¹.
• Its institution is grounded in Christ's command and promise, making it a divine means of grace.

B. The Trinitarian Formula and Its Divine Authority

• Baptism is administered in the name of the Triune God: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit (Matthew 28:19) ¹.
• This formula expresses the fullness of God's work in creation, redemption, and sanctification.

C. Baptism as the Entrance into the New Covenant Community

• Baptism initiates the baptized into the covenant people of God, incorporating them into Christ's body (1 Corinthians 12:13) ⁵.
• The institution of baptism by Christ signifies God's gracious adoption of sinners.

4. Pastoral and Catechetical Implications

A. Teaching the Divine Institution of Baptism

• Catechesis must clearly present baptism as instituted by Christ by His authority and promise (Small Catechism, Sacrament of Holy Baptism) ³⁰¹.
• This strengthens faith and reverence for baptism as more than a human ceremony.

B. Administering Baptism According to Christ's Command

• Baptism is to be administered using water and the Trinitarian formula as instituted by Christ (Matthew 28:19) ¹.
• Pastors must faithfully follow Christ's institution, avoiding innovation or omission.

C. Encouraging the Church to Honor Baptism

• The congregation is called to uphold baptism's sacredness and to support the baptized in their new life (Romans 6:4) ⁶.
• Baptismal remembrance nurtures ongoing faith and life in Christ.

5. Confessional Affirmations

A. Augsburg Confession

• Affirms baptism as instituted by Christ and necessary for salvation (Article IX) ³⁰⁰.

B. Apology of the Augsburg Confession

• Defends baptism as a divine institution against those who would diminish its importance (Article IX) ³⁰³.

C. Formula of Concord

• Confesses baptism as a sacrament instituted by Christ, efficacious because of His institution and promise (Solid Declaration, Article IX) ³⁰⁴.

6. Conclusion: Baptism Instituted by Christ as God's Commanded Means of Grace

The institution of baptism by Christ is a foundational truth of the Christian faith. Baptism is commanded and ordained by Christ Himself, administered in the Triune name, and serves as a divine means of grace, bringing forgiveness, life, and incorporation into God's covenant community. The Church faithfully upholds this institution as essential to Christian identity and life.

• Biblical References:
  • • 1. Matthew 28:19-20 - The Great Commission commanding baptism.
  • • 2. Mark 16:16 - Baptism linked with faith and salvation.
  • • 3. Acts 2:38 - Baptism following repentance and forgiveness.
  • • 4. Acts 8:12 - Baptism upon belief in the Gospel.
  • • 5. 1 Corinthians 12:13 - Baptism as incorporation into Christ's body.
  • • 6. Romans 6:4 - Baptism into Christ's death and new life.

• External References:
  • • 300. Robert Kolb and Charles Arand, The Genius of Luther's Theology - Baptism as instituted by Christ and its theological significance.

• Confessional References:
  • • 301. SC Holy Baptism, 1 - Teaching on the institution and command of baptism.
  • • 302. AC IX, - Baptism instituted by Christ and necessary for salvation.
  • • 303. Ap IX, - Defense of baptism's divine institution.
  • • 304. FC SD IX, - Confession of baptism as sacrament instituted by Christ.

III. Baptism as Union with Christ

1. Introduction: Baptism as the Means of Union with Christ

Baptism is not merely an outward ritual but the divine means by which believers are united with Christ in His death and resurrection. This union is the foundation of Christian life and salvation, signifying the believer's incorporation into Christ's body and participation in His saving work. Lutheran theology teaches that through baptism, God creates and sustains this union by His grace and promise (Romans 6:3-5) ¹.

2. Biblical Teaching on Baptism as Union with Christ

A. Union with Christ in His Death and Resurrection

• Baptism symbolizes and effects the believer's participation in Christ's death and resurrection: "We were buried therefore with him by baptism into death, in order that, just as Christ was raised from the dead... we too might walk in newness of life" (Romans 6:4) ¹.
• Paul emphasizes that baptism unites believers to Christ, so that His life becomes theirs (Galatians 2:20) ².

B. Baptism as Being Clothed with Christ

• Baptism clothes the believer with Christ: "For as many of you as were baptized into Christ have put on Christ" (Galatians 3:27) ³.
• This imagery expresses the believer's new identity and righteousness given by God.

C. Incorporation into Christ's Body

• Baptism incorporates the baptized into the body of Christ, the Church, the community of faith (1 Corinthians 12:13) ⁴.
• This spiritual unity is the basis for the Christian's life of faith and service.

3. Theological Significance in Lutheran Doctrine

A. Baptism as a Means of Grace Effecting Union

• Baptism is God's means of creating, strengthening, and sustaining the believer's union with Christ through the working of the Holy Spirit (Small Catechism, Sacrament of Holy Baptism) ³⁰⁰.
• This union is not symbolic only but a real spiritual reality established by God's grace.

B. Baptism and Regeneration

• Through baptism, the old sinful nature dies, and the new person in Christ is born (Titus 3:5) ⁵.
• The believer is reborn and made a new creation, living in union with Christ.

C. Ongoing Life in Union with Christ

• The union with Christ received in baptism calls the believer to live a new life of faith, empowered by the Spirit (Romans 6:11-13) ¹.
• Baptism is the foundation for daily repentance, renewal, and growth in holiness.

4. Pastoral and Catechetical Implications

A. Teaching the Reality of Union in Baptism

• Catechesis must emphasize that baptism effects a true spiritual union with Christ, not just an external sign (Small Catechism, Sacrament of Holy Baptism) ³⁰⁰.
• Believers are encouraged to trust God's promise in baptism and live in the newness of life it brings.

B. Encouraging Baptized Christians to Live in Their Baptism

• Pastoral care should remind baptized believers of their new identity in Christ and encourage them to live accordingly (Romans 6:13) ¹.
• Baptismal remembrance and use of the means of grace nurture faith in this union.

C. Supporting the Baptized in the Life of the Church

• The Church is called to nurture those baptized as members of Christ's body, supporting their growth in faith and love (1 Corinthians 12:27) ⁴.
• Baptism is the foundation for Christian fellowship and service.

5. Confessional Affirmations

A. Augsburg Confession

• Affirms that baptism grants regeneration and renewal, uniting the believer with Christ (Article IX) ³⁰¹.

B. Apology of the Augsburg Confession

• Defends baptismal regeneration and the union with Christ against false teachings (Article IX) ³⁰².

C. Formula of Concord

• Confesses the reality and efficacy of union with Christ through baptism (Solid Declaration, Article IX) ³⁰³.

6. Conclusion: Baptism as God's Gift of Union with Christ

Baptism is the gracious means by which God unites sinners to Christ in His death and resurrection. This union is the basis of salvation, new life, and membership in the Church. The Church faithfully proclaims and administers baptism as the sacrament of this union, calling all baptized to live in the fullness of their new identity in Christ.

• Biblical References:
  • • 1. Romans 6:3-5, 6:11-13 - Baptism as union with Christ's death, resurrection, and new life.
  • • 2. Galatians 2:20 - Living by faith in the Son of God.
  • • 3. Galatians 3:27 - Baptism as putting on Christ.
  • • 4. 1 Corinthians 12:13, 12:27 - Baptism incorporates believers into Christ's body, the Church.
  • • 5. Titus 3:5 - Regeneration by the Holy Spirit through baptism.

• External References:

• Confessional References:
  • • 300. SC Holy Baptism, 1 - Teaching on baptism and union with Christ.
  • • 301. AC IX, - Baptism grants regeneration and renewal.
  • • 302. Ap IX, - Defense of baptismal regeneration.
  • • 303. FC SD IX, - Confession of union with Christ through baptism.

IV. Baptism and Regeneration

1. Introduction: Baptism as the Means of Regeneration

Baptism is the divinely instituted sacrament by which God grants regeneration, or new spiritual birth, to sinners. Through water and the Word, the Holy Spirit works faith in the heart, washing away sin and imparting new life in Christ. Lutheran doctrine emphasizes that regeneration is not a human achievement but a gracious work of God effected through baptism (John 3:5) ¹.

2. Biblical Teaching on Baptism and Regeneration

A. Jesus' Teaching on Being Born Again

• Jesus declares to Nicodemus the necessity of being "born of water and the Spirit" to enter the kingdom of God (John 3:5) ¹.
• This indicates the connection between baptism (water) and the work of the Holy Spirit in regeneration.

B. Baptism as the Washing Away of Sin

• Peter calls baptism "an appeal to God for a good conscience, through the resurrection of Jesus Christ" and speaks of it as "the answer of a good conscience toward God" (1 Peter 3:21) ².
• Baptism is described as the means by which sins are washed away (Acts 22:16) ³.

C. New Creation through Baptism

• Paul teaches that through baptism believers are buried with Christ and raised to walk in newness of life (Romans 6:4) ⁴.
• Baptism marks the believer's entrance into the new creation in Christ (2 Corinthians 5:17) ⁵.

3. Theological Explanation: Regeneration as a Work of the Holy Spirit

A. Regeneration Is God's Work Alone

• Regeneration is the work of the Holy Spirit, who creates faith and new life in the baptized (Titus 3:5) ⁶.
• This new birth is not by human effort but by divine grace alone.

B. Baptism as the Means of Grace

• Baptism is the means by which the Spirit works regeneration, connected inseparably to the Word and water (Small Catechism, Sacrament of Holy Baptism) ³⁰⁰.
• The sacrament is effective because of God's promise and command.

C. The Bond Between Baptism and Faith

• Faith receives the benefits of baptism, and baptism creates and strengthens faith (Ephesians 2:8-9) ⁷.
• Regeneration through baptism produces a living faith that clings to Christ alone.

4. Pastoral and Catechetical Implications

A. Teaching the Necessity and Power of Baptism

• Catechesis must clearly present baptism as necessary for regeneration and salvation (Small Catechism, Sacrament of Holy Baptism) ³⁰⁰.
• Baptism is not a mere symbol but a powerful means of God's grace.

B. Comfort for the Baptized

• The baptized can have sure confidence that they have been regenerated and made new in Christ (Romans 8:16) ⁸.
• Pastoral care encourages reliance on God's promise in baptism rather than on human feelings.

C. Encouragement to Live as New Creations

• Baptism calls believers to live in the newness of life, empowered by the Spirit (Romans 6:11) ⁴.
• Ongoing repentance and faith are nurtured through the means of grace.

5. Confessional Affirmations

A. Augsburg Confession

• Declares that baptism grants regeneration and is necessary for salvation (Article IX) ³⁰¹.

B. Apology of the Augsburg Confession

• Defends baptismal regeneration and condemns those who deny the efficacy of baptism (Article IX) ³⁰².

C. Formula of Concord

• Confesses the reality of regeneration through baptism and the work of the Spirit (Solid Declaration, Article IX) ³⁰³.

6. Conclusion: Baptism as God's Gift of New Birth

Baptism is the gracious means by which God regenerates sinners, washing away sin and creating new life through the Holy Spirit. This sacrament effects what it signifies because of God's promise and command. The Church faithfully proclaims baptism as necessary and powerful, calling all baptized to live in the newness of life granted by God.

• Biblical References:
  • • 1. John 3:5 - Being born of water and the Spirit.
  • • 2. 1 Peter 3:21 - Baptism as appeal to God for a good conscience.
  • • 3. Acts 22:16 - Baptism washes away sins.
  • • 4. Romans 6:4, 6:11 - Baptism into Christ's death and new life.
  • • 5. 2 Corinthians 5:17 - New creation in Christ.
  • • 6. Titus 3:5 - Regeneration by the Spirit and washing of rebirth.
  • • 7. Ephesians 2:8-9 - Salvation by grace through faith.
  • • 8. Romans 8:16 - The Spirit bears witness with our spirit.

• External References:

• Confessional References:
  • • 300. SC Holy Baptism, 1 - Teaching on baptism and regeneration.
  • • 301. AC IX, - Baptism grants regeneration and is necessary for salvation.
  • • 302. Ap IX, - Defense of baptismal regeneration.
  • • 303. FC SD IX, - Confession of regeneration through baptism.

V. Baptism as a Means of Grace

1. Introduction: Baptism as a Divine Means of Grace

Baptism is a sacred sacrament instituted by Christ through which God offers and delivers His grace to sinners. It is a tangible means whereby God works faith, forgiveness, regeneration, and salvation. Lutheran theology emphasizes that baptism is not merely symbolic but an effective means through which the Holy Spirit works, relying entirely on God's promise and command (Mark 16:16) ^{1 ,300}.

2. Biblical Teaching on Baptism as a Means of Grace

A. Institution of Baptism by Christ

• Christ commands baptism in the Great Commission: "Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit" (Matthew 28:19) ^{2 ,300}.
• Baptism is tied to the forgiveness of sins and new life in Christ (Acts 2:38) ^{3 300}.

B. Baptism's Efficacy Through God's Word and Promise

• Baptism saves "not as a removal of dirt from the body but as an appeal to God for a good conscience through the resurrection of Jesus Christ" (1 Peter 3:21) ^{4 ,300}.
• It is effective because God's Word is attached to water, conveying His promise of grace (Romans 6:3-4) ^{5 ,300}.

C. Baptism and the Work of the Holy Spirit

• The Spirit works through baptism to create faith and new spiritual life (Titus 3:5) ^{6 ,300}.
• Baptism is a means by which God incorporates believers into Christ's body (1 Corinthians 12:13) ^{7 ,300}.

3. Theological Significance in Lutheran Doctrine

A. Baptism as a Means, Not a Meritorious Work

• Baptism's power is not in the water itself or in human action but in God's promise and the Holy Spirit's work (Small Catechism, Sacrament of Holy Baptism) ³⁰⁰.
• It is God's grace communicated through the visible element of water.

B. Regeneration and Forgiveness of Sins

• Baptism grants regeneration, washing away sin and creating new life in Christ (Acts 22:16) ^{3 ,300}.
• It is the means through which the believer receives forgiveness and the gift of the Spirit.

C. Baptism's Role in Sanctification and Faith

• Baptism is foundational for the believer's ongoing life of faith and sanctification (Romans 6:4, 6:11) ^{5 ,300}.
• Through baptism, Christians are called to live in the newness of life empowered by the Spirit.

4. Pastoral and Catechetical Implications

A. Teaching Baptism as God's Means of Grace

• Catechesis emphasizes baptism's power as God's gracious means of salvation, not a human ritual (Small Catechism) ³⁰⁰.
• Believers are encouraged to trust God's promise in baptism.

B. Comfort and Assurance

• Baptized believers are assured of God's grace and forgiveness, giving comfort in their daily lives and in the face of death (Romans 8:38-39) ^{8 ,300}.
• Pastoral care highlights baptism as a source of ongoing renewal.

C. Lifelong Faith in Baptism

• Baptism initiates a lifelong journey of faith, repentance, and reliance on God's grace (Colossians 2:12) ^{9 ,300}.
• The Church nurtures baptized believers in their spiritual growth.

5. Confessional Affirmations

A. Augsburg Confession

• Affirms baptism as necessary and effective for salvation through God's promise (Article IX) ³⁰¹.

B. Apology of the Augsburg Confession

• Defends baptismal efficacy against those who deny its power (Article IX) ³⁰².

C. Formula of Concord

• Confesses baptism as a true means of grace, giving regeneration and new life (Solid Declaration, Article IX) ³⁰³.

6. Conclusion: Baptism as God's Gracious Means of Salvation

Baptism is the divinely instituted means of grace through which God grants regeneration, forgiveness, and new life. It is a powerful, God-ordained sacrament that effects what it signifies by the work of the Holy Spirit and the promise of God. The Church faithfully proclaims baptism as a vital means of grace, calling all baptized to live in the grace received therein.

• Biblical References:
  • • 1. Mark 16:16 - The command to believe and be baptized for salvation.
  • • 2. Matthew 28:19 - Christ's institution of baptism in the Great Commission.
  • • 3. Acts 2:38, Acts 22:16 - Baptism connected to repentance, forgiveness, and washing away sins.
  • • 4. 1 Peter 3:21 - Baptism as an appeal to God for a good conscience.
  • • 5. Romans 6:3-4, 6:11 - Baptism into Christ's death and newness of life.
  • • 6. Titus 3:5 - Regeneration by the Holy Spirit through baptism.
  • • 7. 1 Corinthians 12:13 - Baptism incorporates believers into Christ's body.
  • • 8. Romans 8:38-39 - Assurance of God's love.
  • • 9. Colossians 2:12 - Baptism as a spiritual burial and resurrection.

• External References:

• Confessional References:
  • • 300. SC Holy Baptism, 1 - Explanation of baptism as a means of grace.
  • • 301. AC IX, - Baptism as necessary and effective for salvation.
  • • 302. Ap IX, - Defense of baptismal efficacy.
  • • 303. FC SD IX, - Confession of baptism as a means of grace.

VI. Infant Baptism

1. Introduction: Infant Baptism as God's Saving Work

Infant Baptism confesses that salvation is entirely God's gracious work, not dependent on human age, understanding, or decision. The Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod teaches that infants, like all people, are conceived and born in sin and therefore need forgiveness, life, and salvation, which God freely gives through Baptism. Baptism is a true means of grace through which God creates faith and grants new birth, even in infants (Psalm 51:5) ¹ (Mark 10:14) ^,2.

2. Biblical Foundation for Infant Baptism

A. Infants Are Included in Original Sin and Need Salvation

• Scripture teaches that all people, including infants, are sinful from conception (Psalm 51:5) ¹.
• Death reigns even over those who have not committed conscious acts of sin, demonstrating universal sinfulness (Romans 5:12) ³.

B. Infants Are Included in God's Promise of Salvation

• Peter proclaims that the promise of Baptism is for believers and their children (Acts 2:38-39) ⁴.
• Jesus explicitly welcomes infants and declares that the kingdom of God belongs to them (Mark 10:14-15) ².

C. Faith Can Be Created in Infants

• Faith is God's gift, not dependent on intellectual capacity (Ephesians 2:8-9) ⁵.
• Scripture testifies that infants can trust in God (Psalm 22:9) ⁶.
• John the Baptist leaped for joy in the womb, demonstrating Spirit-created faith prior to birth (Luke 1:15, 41) ⁷.

3. Baptism as the Means by Which God Works Faith in Infants

A. Baptism Is God's Action, Not Human Decision

• Baptism is not based on human choice but on God's command and promise (Matthew 28:19) ⁸.
• God is the primary actor in Baptism, giving forgiveness, life, and salvation (Titus 3:5) ⁹.

B. Baptism Gives Forgiveness and Regeneration

• Baptism washes away sins and unites the baptized with Christ (Acts 22:16) ¹⁰.
• Through Baptism, infants are united with Christ in His death and resurrection (Romans 6:3-4) ¹¹.

C. Baptism Creates and Sustains Faith

• Baptism works faith where and when God pleases, including in infants (1 Peter 3:21) ¹².
• Faith given in Baptism is later nourished through the Word, catechesis, and the Lord's Supper (Romans 10:17) ¹³.

4. Confessional Teaching on Infant Baptism

A. Augsburg Confession

• Confesses that Baptism is necessary and that through Baptism grace is offered, even to children (Augsburg Confession Article IX) ³⁰¹.

B. Apology of the Augsburg Confession

• Defends Infant Baptism on the basis of God's promise and the efficacy of the sacrament (Apology Article IX) ³⁰².

C. Luther's Small Catechism

• Teaches that Baptism works forgiveness of sins, rescues from death and the devil, and gives eternal salvation to all who believe this, including infants (Small Catechism, Baptism) ³⁰⁰.

D. Formula of Concord

• Affirms that infants truly believe through the work of the Holy Spirit and rejects any denial of Infant Baptism (Formula of Concord Solid Declaration Article II) ³⁰³.

5. Pastoral and Catechetical Implications

A. Comfort for Parents

• Infant Baptism provides strong comfort that God has acted decisively for the salvation of their child (Isaiah 49:15) ¹⁴.
• Parents are assured that their child's salvation rests on God's promise, not parental performance.

B. Ongoing Catechesis

• Baptized children are taught to live from their Baptism through repentance and faith (Romans 6:11) ¹¹.
• Confirmation and instruction do not complete Baptism but deepen faith already given.

C. Defense Against Decision Theology

• Infant Baptism safeguards the doctrine of justification by grace alone against all forms of decision-based salvation (John 1:13) ¹⁵.
• It confesses that salvation is entirely God's work from beginning to end.

6. Conclusion: Infant Baptism as Pure Gospel

Infant Baptism proclaims the Gospel in its purest form: God saves sinners who can contribute nothing to their salvation. Through Baptism, God forgives sin, creates faith, and grants new life, even to the youngest. Infant Baptism testifies that salvation rests solely on God's grace in Christ and not on human will, ability, or understanding.

• Biblical References:
  • • 1. Psalm 51:5 - Sinfulness from conception.
  • • 2. Mark 10:14-15 - Jesus welcomes infants into the kingdom.
  • • 3. Romans 5:12 - Universal sin and death.
  • • 4. Acts 2:38-39 - Baptismal promise includes children.
  • • 5. Ephesians 2:8-9 - Faith as God's gift.
  • • 6. Psalm 22:9 - Trust in God from infancy.
  • • 7. Luke 1:15, 41 - Spirit-created faith before birth.
  • • 8. Matthew 28:19 - Christ institutes Baptism.
  • • 9. Titus 3:5 - Regeneration through washing and Spirit.
  • • 10. Acts 22:16 - Baptism washes away sins.
  • • 11. Romans 6:3-4, 6:11 - Union with Christ in Baptism.
  • • 12. 1 Peter 3:21 - Baptism saves by God's promise.
  • • 13. Romans 10:17 - Faith sustained by the Word.
  • • 14. Isaiah 49:15 - God's faithful care.
  • • 15. John 1:13 - Salvation not by human will.

• External References:

• Confessional References:
  • • 300. SC Holy Baptism, 1 - Baptism gives forgiveness, life, and salvation.
  • • 301. AC IX, - Baptism necessary and grace offered to children.
  • • 302. Ap IX, - Defense of Infant Baptism.
  • • 303. FC SD II, - Infants truly believe by the Spirit.

VII. Baptism and Faith

1. Introduction: Baptism and Faith United by God's Promise

Baptism and faith belong together according to Holy Scripture and the Lutheran Confessions. Baptism is a true means of grace through which God creates, gives, and sustains faith. Faith does not make Baptism effective; rather, Baptism gives what faith receives. Both Baptism and faith are gifts of God, grounded entirely in His Word and promise, not in human decision or effort (Ephesians 2:8-9) ¹.

2. Biblical Teaching on the Relationship Between Baptism and Faith

A. Baptism Gives What Faith Receives

• Scripture teaches that Baptism delivers forgiveness of sins, life, and salvation (Acts 2:38) ².
• Faith receives these gifts, trusting the promise attached to Baptism (Mark 16:16) ³.
• Baptism remains God's gracious act even when faith is weak or later struggles.

B. Faith Is Not a Human Work That Completes Baptism

• Faith itself is created by the Holy Spirit through the Word and Sacraments (Romans 10:17) ⁴.
• Baptism is not dependent on the intensity or maturity of faith but on God's Word (Titus 3:5) ⁵.
• To make faith a prerequisite that validates Baptism would turn faith into a human work.

C. Baptism and Faith in Infants and Adults

• Infants are capable of receiving faith as a gift from God (Psalm 22:9) ⁶.
• Adults who come to faith are baptized as the Spirit works repentance and trust in the Gospel (Acts 16:30-33) ⁷.
• In both cases, Baptism serves faith and faith clings to Baptism.

3. Theological Clarification: Faith Comes From Baptism, Not Vice Versa

A. Baptism Creates Faith

• Scripture teaches that Baptism saves and works faith by God's promise (1 Peter 3:21) ⁸.
• Baptism unites the believer with Christ's death and resurrection, which is the object of faith (Romans 6:3-4) ⁹.

B. Faith Lives From Baptism

• Faith continually returns to Baptism as a source of assurance and comfort (Galatians 3:26-27) ¹⁰.
• The Christian life is lived in daily repentance and faith grounded in Baptism (Romans 6:11) ⁹.

C. Rejection of Decision Theology

• Scripture rejects the idea that faith originates in human will or decision (John 1:13) ¹¹.
• Baptism safeguards justification by grace alone by confessing that God acts first and decisively.

4. Confessional Teaching on Baptism and Faith

A. Augsburg Confession

• Confesses that Baptism offers grace and that children should be baptized so that they may be received into God's grace (Augsburg Confession Article IX) ³⁰¹.

B. Apology of the Augsburg Confession

• Teaches that Baptism is efficacious and that faith trusts the promise given in the sacrament (Apology Article IX) ³⁰².

C. Luther's Small Catechism

• Teaches that Baptism works forgiveness of sins, rescues from death and the devil, and gives eternal salvation to all who believe this (Small Catechism, Baptism) ³⁰⁰.

D. Formula of Concord

• Confesses that faith is created by the Holy Spirit through the means of grace and rejects all synergistic explanations of conversion (Formula of Concord Solid Declaration Article II) ³⁰³.

5. Pastoral and Catechetical Implications

A. Assurance for Troubled Consciences

• Christians are directed away from inward examination of faith toward the external promise given in Baptism (Romans 8:16) ¹².
• Baptism provides objective assurance that God has acted in Christ for the believer.

B. Teaching Children and Adults to Live class=GramE>From Baptism

• Catechesis emphasizes daily repentance and faith as a return to Baptism (Matthew 28:20) ¹³.
• Confirmation and instruction strengthen faith already given, rather than replacing Baptism.

C. Guarding the Gospel

• Proper teaching on Baptism and faith preserves justification by grace alone through faith alone (Romans 3:28) ¹⁴.
• The Church resists all attempts to turn faith into a condition that earns God's favor.

6. Conclusion: Baptism and Faith as Gospel Gifts

Baptism and faith are inseparably joined by God's Word and promise. Baptism gives what faith receives, and faith lives from Baptism. Both are gifts of grace, grounded in Christ alone. This doctrine preserves the comfort of the Gospel by directing sinners away from themselves and toward God's sure promise in Christ.

• Biblical References:
  • • 1. Ephesians 2:8-9 - Faith as God's gift by grace.
  • • 2. Acts 2:38 - Baptism gives forgiveness and the Spirit.
  • • 3. Mark 16:16 - Faith receives the promise of Baptism.
  • • 4. Romans 10:17 - Faith comes by hearing the Word.
  • • 5. Titus 3:5 - Regeneration through Baptism and the Spirit.
  • • 6. Psalm 22:9 - Trust in God from infancy.
  • • 7. Acts 16:30-33 - Adult faith and Baptism together.
  • • 8. 1 Peter 3:21 - Baptism saves by God's promise.
  • • 9. Romans 6:3-4, 6:11 - Union with Christ through Baptism.
  • • 10. Galatians 3:26-27 - Faith clothed with Christ in Baptism.
  • • 11. John 1:13 - Salvation not by human will.
  • • 12. Romans 8:16 - The Spirit bears witness.
  • • 13. Matthew 28:20 - Teaching the baptized.
  • • 14. Romans 3:28 - Justification by faith apart from works.

• External References:

• Confessional References:
  • • 300. SC Holy Baptism, 1 - Baptism gives forgiveness, life, and salvation.
  • • 301. AC IX, - Baptism and grace for children.
  • • 302. Ap IX, - Faith trusts Baptism's promise.
  • • 303. FC SD II, - Faith created by the means of grace.

VIII. Teaching the Importance and Meaning of Baptism

1. Introduction: Why Baptism Must Be Clearly Taught

Baptism is not a secondary or symbolic act in the Christian life but a central means by which God delivers salvation in Christ. Faithful teaching on Baptism is necessary because human reason either minimizes Baptism into a mere testimony or misunderstands it as a human work. Scripture teaches that Baptism is God's gracious action, grounded in Christ's command and promise (Matthew 28:19) ¹ and therefore must be taught clearly, confidently, and pastorally within the Church.

2. The Divine Institution and Authority of Baptism

A. Baptism Is Instituted by Christ

• Baptism rests on Christ's explicit command and promise (Matthew 28:19) ¹.
• Because Christ institutes Baptism, its authority does not depend on human faithfulness, understanding, or sincerity.

B. Baptism Is God's Work, Not Ours

• Scripture teaches that Baptism is an act of God that saves (1 Peter 3:21) ².
• Teaching must emphasize that Baptism is not primarily our confession but God's gracious action toward sinners.

3. The Meaning of Baptism According to Scripture

A. Baptism Gives Forgiveness of Sins

• Baptism delivers the forgiveness won by Christ on the cross (Acts 2:38) ³.
• Teaching must connect Baptism directly to Christ's atoning work, not separate it from justification.

B. Baptism Gives New Birth and Regeneration

• Baptism is the washing of regeneration and renewal by the Holy Spirit (Titus 3:5) ⁴.
• This regeneration is entirely God's work and is received by faith, which God Himself creates.

C. Baptism Unites the Christian with Christ

• Through Baptism, believers are united with Christ's death and resurrection (Romans 6:3-4) ⁵.
• Teaching should show that Baptism is the foundation of the Christian's identity and daily life.

4. Baptism and Faith: Teaching Their Proper Relationship

A. Baptism Creates and Sustains Faith

• Faith comes by hearing the Word, and Baptism is the Word joined to water (Romans 10:17) ⁶.
• Baptism gives what faith receives; faith does not make Baptism effective.

B. Rejecting Conditional Views of Baptism

• Teaching must reject the idea that Baptism is valid only if preceded by sufficient faith or decision (John 1:13) ⁷.
• This preserves justification by grace alone and guards against turning faith into a human work.

5. The Importance of Baptism for the Christian Life

A. Baptism as Daily Repentance and Renewal

• Baptism is not only a past event but a present reality shaping daily repentance and faith (Romans 6:11) ⁵.
• Teaching emphasizes living from Baptism through confession, forgiveness, and trust in Christ.

B. Baptism as Objective Assurance

• Baptism provides concrete assurance grounded in God's promise rather than subjective feelings (Galatians 3:26-27) ⁸.
• This is especially important for troubled consciences and those facing doubt.

6. Confessional Teaching on the Importance and Meaning of Baptism

A. Augsburg Confession

• Confesses that Baptism is necessary and offers grace, and that children should be baptized (Augsburg Confession Article IX) ³⁰¹.

B. Luther's Small Catechism

• Teaches that Baptism works forgiveness of sins, rescues from death and the devil, and gives eternal salvation (Small Catechism, Baptism) ³⁰⁰.

C. Apology of the Augsburg Confession

• Confirms that Baptism is efficacious because it rests on God's promise and is received by faith (Apology Article IX) ³⁰².

D. Formula of Concord

• Rejects all synergistic explanations of faith and affirms that God alone works through the means of grace (Formula of Concord Solid Declaration Article II) ³⁰³.

7. Pastoral and Catechetical Teaching Strategies

A. Teaching Children and Catechumens

• Instruction emphasizes what God gives in Baptism, not what humans do (Matthew 28:20) ⁹.
• Memorization of the Catechism anchors Baptism in Scripture and confession.

B. Teaching Adults and the Congregation

• Preaching and teaching consistently connect Baptism to absolution, the Supper, and daily Christian living.
• Baptism is taught as the foundation for Christian identity, vocation, and hope.

8. Conclusion: Teaching Baptism as Pure Gospel

Faithful teaching on the importance and meaning of Baptism directs sinners away from themselves and toward Christ. Baptism is Gospel, not law. It is God's saving action in Christ, given freely, received by faith, and lived out daily in repentance and new life. Proper teaching preserves comfort, assurance, and the confession of salvation by grace alone.

• Biblical References:
  • • 1. Matthew 28:19 - Christ institutes Baptism.
  • • 2. 1 Peter 3:21 - Baptism saves by God's promise.
  • • 3. Acts 2:38 - Baptism gives forgiveness and the Spirit.
  • • 4. Titus 3:5 - Baptism as regeneration and renewal.
  • • 5. Romans 6:3-4, 6:11 - Union with Christ and daily life.
  • • 6. Romans 10:17 - Faith comes by hearing the Word.
  • • 7. John 1:13 - Salvation not by human will.
  • • 8. Galatians 3:26-27 - Baptism clothes believers with Christ.
  • • 9. Matthew 28:20 - Teaching the baptized.

• External References:
  • • 200. Alister E. McGrath, Christian Theology: An Introduction - Discusses sacramental theology and means of grace in historical context.

• Confessional References:
  • • 300. SC Holy Baptism, 1 - Baptism gives forgiveness, life, and salvation.
  • • 301. AC IX, - Baptism offers grace and includes children.
  • • 302. Ap IX, - Faith trusts the promise given in Baptism.
  • • 303. FC SD II, - God alone creates faith through the means of grace.

IX. Administering Baptism with Faithfulness to the Word

1. Introduction: Faithful Administration as Obedience to Christ

Administering Baptism faithfully is not a matter of human preference or pastoral creativity, but an act of obedience to Christ and stewardship of the mysteries of God. The Church administers Baptism according to Christ's institution, trusting His Word and promise alone. Faithful administration safeguards the Gospel, preserves assurance, and confesses that salvation rests entirely on God's action, not human performance (1 Corinthians 4:1) ¹.

2. The Divine Institution Governing the Administration of Baptism

A. Baptism Administered by Christ's Command

• Baptism is administered because Christ commands it (Matthew 28:19) ².
• The Church does not invent Baptism but faithfully carries out what Christ has instituted.

B. Baptism Administered in the Triune Name

• Faithful administration requires Baptism in the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit (Matthew 28:19) ².
• This Trinitarian formula is essential because Baptism delivers communion with the Triune God.

3. The Proper Elements of Faithful Baptism

A. Water Combined with the Word

• Baptism consists of water joined to God's Word and command (Ephesians 5:26) ³.
• Without the Word, water is only water; with the Word, it is a life-giving washing.

B. The Word as the Source of Baptism's Power

• Baptism's efficacy rests solely on God's promise, not on the faith, holiness, or intention of the minister (1 Peter 3:21) ⁴.
• Teaching and practice must clearly confess that God acts through His Word.

4. Faithful Administration and the Role of the Minister

A. Ministers Act as Stewards, Not Authors

• Pastors administer Baptism as called servants of Christ, not as independent agents (1 Corinthians 4:1) ¹.
• The authority of Baptism lies in Christ's Word, not in pastoral personality or technique.

B. Administration According to the Church's Call

• Baptism is ordinarily administered by those called to preach and administer the Sacraments (Romans 10:15) ⁵.
• This preserves good order and public accountability within the Church.

5. Faithful Administration and the Recipient of Baptism

A. Baptizing Infants and Adults According to the Word

• Faithful administration includes baptizing infants, who are included in Christ's command (Acts 2:38-39) ⁶.
• Adults are baptized following instruction in repentance and faith, without making faith a human condition that earns Baptism (Acts 8:36-38) ⁷.

B. Rejecting Conditional or Symbolic Administration

• Baptism is not administered as a mere symbol or testimony of human faith (Titus 3:5) ⁸.
• Faithful administration confesses Baptism as God's saving act, not a human confession.

6. Confessional Teaching on Faithful Administration of Baptism

A. Augsburg Confession

• Confesses that Baptism offers grace and is necessary because it is commanded by God (Augsburg Confession Article IX) ³⁰¹.

B. Luther's Small Catechism

• Teaches that Baptism is water included in God's command and combined with God's Word (Small Catechism, Baptism) ³⁰⁰.

C. Apology of the Augsburg Confession

• Emphasizes that Baptism is efficacious because it rests on God's promise, not human worthiness (Apology Article IX) ³⁰².

D. Formula of Concord

• Rejects all teaching that makes Baptism dependent on human decision or cooperation (Formula of Concord Solid Declaration Article II) ³⁰³.

7. Pastoral Practice in Faithful Administration

A. Preparation and Instruction

• Faithful administration includes instruction that teaches what Baptism gives and why it is administered (Matthew 28:20) ⁹.
• Instruction serves the Gospel by directing faith to God's promise, not by qualifying recipients.

B. Clear Confession During the Rite

• The rite of Baptism should clearly confess Christ's Word, promise, and name.
• Faithful practice avoids innovations that obscure Baptism as God's action.

C. Ongoing Catechesis After Baptism

• Faithful administration continues with teaching the baptized to live from Baptism in daily repentance and faith (Romans 6:11) ¹⁰.

8. Faithful Administration and Assurance of Salvation

• Baptism administered according to Christ's Word provides objective assurance grounded in God's promise (Galatians 3:26-27) ¹¹.
• Pastoral care consistently directs Christians back to their Baptism as the foundation of their identity in Christ.

9. Conclusion: Faithfulness to the Word as Faithfulness to Christ

Administering Baptism with faithfulness to the Word is an act of confession and trust. The Church administers Baptism exactly as Christ has commanded, relying entirely on His Word and promise. In doing so, the Church preserves the Gospel, comforts sinners, and confesses salvation by grace alone through Christ alone.

• Biblical References:
  • • 1. 1 Corinthians 4:1 - Stewards of the mysteries of God.
  • • 2. Matthew 28:19 - Institution and Trinitarian name of Baptism.
  • • 3. Ephesians 5:26 - Water and the Word.
  • • 4. 1 Peter 3:21 - Baptism saves by God's promise.
  • • 5. Romans 10:15 - Called ministers sent to preach and administer.
  • • 6. Acts 2:38-39 - Baptism promised to adults and children.
  • • 7. Acts 8:36-38 - Adult Baptism with instruction.
  • • 8. Titus 3:5 - Baptism as regeneration.
  • • 9. Matthew 28:20 - Teaching connected to Baptism.
  • • 10. Romans 6:11 - Living daily from Baptism.
  • • 11. Galatians 3:26-27 - Baptism clothes believers with Christ.

• External References:
  • • 200. Hermann Sasse, This Is My Body - Discusses sacramental administration grounded in Christ's institution.

• Confessional References:
  • • 300. SC Holy Baptism, 1 - Water included in God's command and Word.
  • • 301. AC IX, - Baptism commanded by God and offering grace.
  • • 302. Ap IX, - Baptism efficacious by God's promise.
  • • 303. FC SD II, - Rejection of synergism in conversion.

X. Encouraging Baptized Christians to Live in Their Baptism

1. Introduction: Living the Baptized Life

Encouraging baptized Christians to live in their Baptism is a central task of preaching, teaching, and pastoral care. Baptism is not merely a past event but a present and ongoing reality that shapes the Christian life. Scripture teaches that those baptized into Christ are called to live daily in repentance and faith, trusting the promises God has already given them in Baptism (Romans 6:3-4) ¹. Such encouragement preserves the Gospel by directing believers away from self-effort and toward God's enduring promise in Christ.

2. The Biblical Foundation for Living in Baptism

A. Baptism as Daily Death and Resurrection

• Through Baptism, the Christian is united with Christ's death and resurrection (Romans 6:3-4) ¹.
• Living in Baptism means daily dying to sin and rising to new life in Christ (Romans 6:11) ².
• This daily pattern is not self-improvement but participation in Christ's saving work.

B. Baptism as Identity in Christ

• Scripture teaches that the baptized have been clothed with Christ (Galatians 3:26-27) ³.
• Encouragement focuses on identity received, not achievements pursued.
• The baptized live as those who already belong to Christ.

3. Law and Gospel in Encouraging Baptismal Living

A. The Law Exposes Resistance to Baptismal Life

• The Law reveals the ongoing struggle against the old Adam who resists daily repentance (Romans 7:18-19) ⁴.
• Teaching must honestly address sin without suggesting that Baptism has failed.

B. The Gospel Restores and Sustains the Baptized

• The Gospel proclaims that Baptism continues to deliver forgiveness of sins (Acts 2:38) ⁵.
• Encouragement always returns the baptized to what God has done and still does in Baptism.

4. Faith Living From Baptism

A. Baptism as the Source of Ongoing Faith

• Faith comes by hearing the Word, and Baptism is the Word joined to water (Romans 10:17) ⁶.
• Living in Baptism means trusting God's promise even when faith feels weak.

B. Rejecting Introspective Spirituality

• Encouragement directs believers away from measuring their faith toward relying on God's objective promise (2 Timothy 1:9) ⁷.
• Baptism provides assurance that does not depend on emotional or moral success.

5. Confessional Teaching on Living in Baptism

A. Luther's Small Catechism

• Teaches that the old Adam should be drowned daily through repentance and that a new person should arise (Small Catechism, Baptism, Fourth Part) ³⁰⁰.
• This teaching forms the foundation for daily Christian living.

B. Augsburg Confession

• Confesses that Baptism is not only instituted by God but delivers grace that endures (Augsburg Confession Article IX) ³⁰¹.

C. Formula of Concord

• Teaches that good works flow from faith but do not preserve salvation, which rests solely on Christ (Formula of Concord Solid Declaration Article IV) ³⁰².

6. Pastoral and Catechetical Encouragement

A. Encouraging Daily Repentance and Faith

• Pastoral care teaches confession and absolution as a return to Baptism (John 20:22-23) ⁸.
• Christians are encouraged to begin each day remembering their Baptism and trusting its promise.

B. Encouraging Vocation as Baptismal Living

• The baptized live out their Baptism in ordinary vocations, serving neighbors in love (Ephesians 2:10) ⁹.
• Such living flows from Baptism and does not earn God's favor.

C. Encouraging Perseverance Amid Weakness

• Christians are taught that struggle does not negate Baptism but confirms the ongoing need for it (Philippians 1:6) ¹⁰.
• Baptism remains firm even when the baptized feel unfaithful.

7. The Role of the Church in Encouraging Baptismal Life

• Preaching continually recalls Baptism as the foundation of Christian identity.
• Catechesis reinforces Baptism as a living reality for all ages (Matthew 28:20) ¹¹.
• The Sacrament of the Altar nourishes those who live from their Baptism (1 Corinthians 10:16) ¹².

8. Conclusion: Living From What God Has Already Given

Encouraging baptized Christians to live in their Baptism means directing them back, again and again, to God's promise in Christ. Baptism is not left behind but lived daily. In repentance and faith, the baptized die and rise with Christ, confident that God who began this good work will bring it to completion. Such encouragement preserves the Gospel, strengthens faith, and comforts sinners with the certainty of God's grace in Christ.

• Biblical References:
  • • 1. Romans 6:3-4 - United with Christ in death and resurrection.
  • • 2. Romans 6:11 - Daily life flowing from Baptism.
  • • 3. Galatians 3:26-27 - Clothed with Christ through Baptism.
  • • 4. Romans 7:18-19 - Ongoing struggle with sin.
  • • 5. Acts 2:38 - Baptism delivers forgiveness.
  • • 6. Romans 10:17 - Faith comes by hearing the Word.
  • • 7. 2 Timothy 1:9 - Salvation grounded in God's grace.
  • • 8. John 20:22-23 - Absolution as Gospel gift.
  • • 9. Ephesians 2:10 - Vocation flows from grace.
  • • 10. Philippians 1:6 - God completes His work.
  • • 11. Matthew 28:20 - Teaching the baptized.
  • • 12. 1 Corinthians 10:16 - Communion with Christ's body and blood.

• External References:
  • • 200. Gustaf Wingren, Luther on Vocation - Explains daily Christian life flowing from God's gifts rather than human merit.

• Confessional References:
  • • 300. SC Holy Baptism, 1 - Daily drowning of the old Adam.
  • • 301. AC IX, - Baptism delivers enduring grace.
  • • 302. FC SD IV, - Good works flow from faith, not merit salvation.

XI. Baptism as God's Gift and Promise of New Life

1. Introduction: Baptism as Gospel Gift

Holy Baptism is fundamentally God's gift and promise, not a human work or decision. In Baptism, God acts decisively to deliver new life through the saving work of Christ. Scripture presents Baptism as Gospel, the concrete means by which God bestows forgiveness, life, and salvation. Faithful teaching on Baptism therefore centers on what God gives and promises, not on what humans offer or achieve (Ephesians 2:8-9) ¹.

2. The Divine Source of Baptism as Gift

A. Baptism Instituted and Given by Christ

• Baptism exists because Christ instituted it and attached His promise to it (Matthew 28:19) ².
• Because Baptism comes from Christ, it is a gift grounded in His authority and grace, not human invention.

B. Baptism as God's Saving Action

• Scripture explicitly teaches that Baptism saves because it is joined to God's promise (1 Peter 3:21) ³.
• Teaching must emphasize that Baptism is primarily what God does for sinners.

3. Baptism as the Promise of New Life

A. New Birth Through Water and the Spirit

• Baptism is the washing of regeneration and renewal by the Holy Spirit (Titus 3:5) ⁴.
• This new birth is entirely God's work, creating new life where there was spiritual death.

B. Union With Christ's Death and Resurrection

• Through Baptism, believers are united with Christ's death and resurrection (Romans 6:3-4) ⁵.
• New life is not abstract improvement but participation in Christ's victory over sin and death.

C. Forgiveness as the Foundation of New Life

• Baptism delivers forgiveness of sins, which is the basis of all new life before God (Acts 2:38) ⁶.
• Teaching must connect Baptism directly to Christ's atoning work on the cross.

4. Baptism and Faith: Receiving the Gift

A. Baptism Gives What Faith Receives

• Faith receives the gifts given in Baptism, trusting God's promise (Mark 16:16) ⁷.
• Faith does not create Baptism's power but rests in what God has already given.

B. Faith Itself as God's Gift

• Scripture teaches that faith is created by the Holy Spirit through the Word (Romans 10:17) ⁸.
• Baptism safeguards justification by grace alone by confessing that God acts first and fully.

5. Confessional Teaching on Baptism as Gift and Promise

A. Luther's Small Catechism

• Confesses that Baptism works forgiveness of sins, rescues from death and the devil, and gives eternal salvation (Small Catechism, Baptism) ³⁰⁰.
• This teaching clearly identifies Baptism as gift rather than obligation.

B. Augsburg Confession

• Teaches that Baptism offers grace and is necessary because it is commanded by God (Augsburg Confession Article IX) ³⁰¹.

C. Apology of the Augsburg Confession

• Emphasizes that Baptism is efficacious because it rests on God's promise and is received by faith (Apology Article IX) ³⁰².

D. Formula of Concord

• Rejects all synergistic views that make new life dependent on human cooperation (Formula of Concord Solid Declaration Article II) ³⁰³.

6. Pastoral and Catechetical Implications of Baptism as Gift

A. Assurance for Troubled Consciences

• Baptism provides objective assurance grounded in God's promise rather than human feeling (Galatians 3:26-27) ⁹.
• Pastoral care directs believers back to their Baptism as a concrete pledge of God's grace.

B. Baptism as Ongoing Source of New Life

• The baptized are encouraged to live daily from their Baptism in repentance and faith (Romans 6:11) ¹⁰.
• New life is continually renewed through the Word, absolution, and the Sacrament of the Altar.

C. Teaching Children and Adults Alike

• Baptism is taught as God's gift for all, including infants, who are capable of receiving faith as God's work (Acts 2:39) ¹¹.
• Instruction reinforces that Baptism begins a life sustained by God's promise.

7. Baptism as Gift Within the Life of the Church

• The Church faithfully administers Baptism as a means of grace entrusted by Christ (1 Corinthians 4:1) ¹².
• Preaching and catechesis consistently present Baptism as Gospel, not law.
• The baptized are nurtured in new life through ongoing instruction and sacramental life (Matthew 28:20) ¹³.

8. Conclusion: New Life Given and Promised in Baptism

Baptism is God's gracious gift and promise of new life in Christ. It delivers forgiveness, creates faith, and unites sinners with Christ's death and resurrection. This new life is not earned or sustained by human effort but is given freely by God and lived out daily in repentance and faith. Faithful teaching on Baptism preserves the comfort of the Gospel and directs all confidence to Christ alone.

• Biblical References:
  • • 1. Ephesians 2:8-9 - Salvation by grace as God's gift.
  • • 2. Matthew 28:19 - Christ institutes Baptism.
  • • 3. 1 Peter 3:21 - Baptism saves by God's promise.
  • • 4. Titus 3:5 - Baptism as regeneration and renewal.
  • • 5. Romans 6:3-4 - Union with Christ in Baptism.
  • • 6. Acts 2:38 - Baptism gives forgiveness and the Spirit.
  • • 7. Mark 16:16 - Faith receives Baptism's promise.
  • • 8. Romans 10:17 - Faith created by the Word.
  • • 9. Galatians 3:26-27 - Clothed with Christ through Baptism.
  • • 10. Romans 6:11 - Living daily from Baptism.
  • • 11. Acts 2:39 - Baptism promised to children and adults.
  • • 12. 1 Corinthians 4:1 - Stewards of God's mysteries.
  • • 13. Matthew 28:20 - Teaching the baptized.

• External References:
  • • 200. Gerhard O. Forde, Christian Dogmatics, Volume 2 - Discusses Baptism as Gospel promise grounded in Christ's work.

• Confessional References:
  • • 300. SC Holy Baptism, 1 - Baptism gives forgiveness, life, and salvation.
  • • 301. AC IX, - Baptism offers grace and is commanded by God.
  • • 302. Ap IX, - Baptism efficacious by God's promise.
  • • 303. FC SD II, - God alone creates faith and new life through the means of grace.